The developing and restructuring superior cervical ganglion of guinea pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i> var. <i>albina</i>)

Toscano, Cauê Pereira; Melo, Mariana Pereira de; Matera, Júlia Maria; Loesch, Andrzej; Ribeiro, Antônio Augusto Coppi Maciel

doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.03.006

Cited by 7 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…This ganglion is also very closely adjacent to the hypoglossal nerve. In all species studied, the SCG was white in color and roughly spindle shaped, independently of the animal age (Abrahão et al, 2009;Coppi and Loesch, 2011;Fioretto et al, 2007Fioretto et al, , 2011Ladd et al, 2012;Loesch et al, 2010;Melo, 2009;Ribeiro, 2006;Ribeiro et al, 2004;Toscano et al, 2009). s0025 2.1.2 Macromorphometry p0040 The macromorphometric aspects of the SCG-length, width, and thickness-vary greatly according to the animal species and animal age Macrostructure of the SCG of an adult dog (A), cat (B), and horse (C).…”

Section: P0035mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Recognizing this gap in the literature, over the past 10 years, we have investigated the quantitative structure of SCG from a broad range of mammals, including both small laboratory and exotic rodents such as rats and capybaras (Loesch et al, 2010;Ribeiro et al, 2004), pacas (Abrahão et al, 2009;Au2 Melo, 2009), guinea pigs (Toscano et al, 2009), and preás (Ladd et al, 2012) and also domestic large mammals such as dogs and cats (Fioretto et al, 2007), sheep (Fioretto et al, 2011), and horses (Fioretto et al, 2007;Loesch et al, 2010;Ribeiro et al, 2004). In our own published work, the quantitative assessment of SCG structure-neurons, sypnases, neuropil, vessels, and connective tissue among others-was conducted using 3D technology employing the design-based stereology.…”

Section: P0010mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SCG of rats, guinea pigs, preás, cutias, pacas, capybaras, sheep, dogs, cats, and horses is located near the base of the skull and deeply into the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, in the origin of the external and internal carotid arteries close to the distal ganglion of the vagus nerve (Abrahão et al, 2009;Coppi and Loesch, 2011;Fioretto et al, 2007Fioretto et al, , 2011Gabella, 2004;Hedger and Webber, 1976;Ladd et al, 2012;Loesch et al, 2010;Melo, 2009;Ribeiro, 2006;Ribeiro et al, 2004;Toscano et al, 2009) (Fig. 2.1).…”

Section: P0030mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image and legend extracted from Fioretto et al (2007). B978-0-12-800179-0.00002-7, 00002 IRCMB, 978-0-12-800179-0 investigated, that is, rats, guinea pigs, preás, rabbits, cutias, pacas, capybaras, cats, dogs, sheep, horses, and camels (Abrahão et al, 2009;Coppi and Loesch, 2011;Fioretto et al, 2007Fioretto et al, , 2011Kabak, 2007;Ladd et al, 2012;Loesch et al, 2010;Melo, 2009;Najafi and Nejati, 2009;Ribeiro, 2006;Ribeiro et al, 2004;Sheng et al, 1998;Toscano et al, 2009) In mammals, the SCG provides sympathetic innervation to the head and neck as well as to the mandible, submandibular and pineal glands, cephalic blood vessels, choroid plexus, eye, carotid body, salivary, and thyroid glands (Arbab et al, 1986;…”

Section: P0035mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…s0045 2.2.2 SCG neurons p0080 SCG neurons are generally spindly shaped-or circular-and readily distinguishable due to their large size, clear nucleus, and the evident nucleolus. Ganglion neuron profiles are normally surrounded by one to two intraganglionic capillaries (in this case they are named intraunit capillaries) as well as by one to three glial cell nuclei (satellite cells) whose processes formed the ganglion neuron glial capsule (Abrahão et al, 2009;Coppi and Loesch, 2011;Fioretto et al, 2007Fioretto et al, , 2011Ladd et al, 2012;Loesch et al, 2010;Melo, 2009;Toscano et al, 2009) (Fig. 2.4).…”

Section: B978mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Ladd¹,

Ladd²,

Silva³

et al. 2014

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

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Section: P0035mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: P0010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P0030mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P0035mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B978mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Ladd¹,

Ladd²,

Silva³

et al. 2014

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

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Stereological and allometric studies on neurons and axo-dendritic synapses in the superior cervical ganglia of rats, capybaras and horses

et al. 2010

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The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in mammals varies in structure according to developmental age, body size, gender, lateral asymmetry, the size and nuclear content of neurons and the complexity and synaptic coverage of their dendritic trees. In small and medium-sized mammals, neuron number and size increase from birth to adulthood and, in phylogenetic studies, vary with body size. However, recent studies on larger animals suggest that body weight does not, in general, accurately predict neuron number. We have applied design-based stereological tools at the light-microscopic level to assess the volumetric composition of ganglia and to estimate the numbers and sizes of neurons in SCGs from rats, capybaras and horses. Using transmission electron microscopy, we have obtained design-based estimates of the surface coverage of dendrites by postsynaptic apposition zones and model-based estimates of the numbers and sizes of synaptophysin-labelled axo-dendritic synaptic disks. Linear regression analysis of log-transformed data has been undertaken in order to establish the nature of the relationships between numbers and SCG volume (V(scg)). For SCGs (five per species), the allometric relationship for neuron number (N) is N=35,067xV (scg) (0.781) and that for synapses is N=20,095,000xV (scg) (1.328) , the former being a good predictor and the latter a poor predictor of synapse number. Our findings thus reveal the nature of SCG growth in terms of its main ingredients (neurons, neuropil, blood vessels) and show that larger mammals have SCG neurons exhibiting more complex arborizations and greater numbers of axo-dendritic synapses.

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Hypertrophy and neuron loss: structural changes in sheep SCG induced by unilateral sympathectomy

Fioretto

Rahal

Borges

et al. 2011

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Recently, superior cervical ganglionectomy has been performed to investigate a variety of scientific topics from regulation of intraocular pressure to suppression of lingual tumour growth. Despite these recent advances in our understanding of the functional mechanisms underlying superior cervical ganglion (SCG) growth and development after surgical ablation, there still exists a need for information concerning the quantitative nature of the relationships between the removed SCG and its remaining contralateral ganglion and between the remaining SCG and its modified innervation territory. To this end, using design-based stereological methods, we have investigated the structural changes induced by unilateral ganglionectomy in sheep at three distinct timepoints (2, 7 and 12 weeks) after surgery. The effects of time, and lateral (left-right) differences, were examined by two-way analyses of variance and paired t-tests. Following removal of the left SCG, the main findings were: (i) the remaining right SCG was bigger at shorter survival times, i.e. 74% at 2 weeks, 55% at 7 weeks and no increase by 12 weeks, (ii) by 7 weeks after surgery, the right SCG contained fewer neurons (no decrease at 2 weeks, 6% fewer by 7 weeks and 17% fewer by 12 weeks) and (iii) by 7 weeks, right SCG neurons were also larger and the magnitude of this increase grew substantially with time (no rise at 2 weeks, 77% by 7 weeks and 215% by 12 weeks). Interaction effects between time and ganglionectomy-induced changes were significant for SCG volume and mean perikaryal volume. These findings show that unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy has profound effects on the contralateral ganglion. For future investigations, it would be interesting to examine the interaction between SCGs and their innervation targets after ganglionectomy. Is the ganglionectomy-induced imbalance between the sizes of innervation territories the milieu in which morphoquantitative changes, particularly changes in perikaryal volume and neuron number, occur? Mechanistically, how would those changes arise? Are there any grounds for believing in a ganglionectomy-triggered SCG cross-innervation and neuroplasticity?

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The developing and restructuring superior cervical ganglion of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus var. albina)

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Stereological and allometric studies on neurons and axo-dendritic synapses in the superior cervical ganglia of rats, capybaras and horses

Hypertrophy and neuron loss: structural changes in sheep SCG induced by unilateral sympathectomy

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