The Detrimental Effects of Missing School: Evidence from Urban Siblings

Gottfried, Michael A.

doi:10.1086/657886

Cited by 120 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…18 The FD estimate of the effect of absences on math achievement is actually larger than the corresponding OLS estimate and remains statistically significant at 5% significance. This finding is consistent with Gottfried's (2011) finding that conditioning on family FE yields larger estimates of the effect of absences on achievement and indicates that the baseline math results are not driven by unobserved student heterogeneity. The corresponding FD estimate for reading is imprecisely estimated.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The average student was absent six times in the North Carolina data and eight times in the ECLS-K, which is in line with average student absence rates in Massachusetts (Goodman 2014) and in Southern Florida (Morrissey et al 2014), but notably smaller than the average of 12 absences per year in the predominantly black, low income Philadelphia School District (Gottfried 2011). There is a sizable amount of variation in absences in both datasets, particularly in the ECLS-K, as seen in the estimated SD of about 9.5 and 5.7 in the ECLS-K and North Carolina data, respectively.…”

Section: North Carolina Datasupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Two of these studies were conducted by Gottfried (2009Gottfried ( , 2011, who estimated lagged test score VAMs of the education production function that included student absences as contemporaneous inputs using data on second through fourth graders in Philadelphia Public Schools. Gottfried found that a one SD increase in absences lowered test scores by about one tenth of a test-score SD, that students with higher ratios of excused to unexcused absences performed better, and that conditioning on family fixed effects slightly increased the estimated magnitude of absences' effects on academic performance.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the existing literature on the relationship between attendance and academic performance is correlational and the few studies that have attempted to identify causal effects of absences have limited external validity, as they focus on single urban districts (e.g., Gottfried 2009Gottfried , 2011. There are two recent exceptions to this critique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Are Student Absences Worth the Worry in U.S. Primary Schools?

Gershenson

Jacknowitz

Brannegan

2017

Education Finance and Policy

170

136

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Section: Sensitivity Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: North Carolina Datasupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Are Student Absences Worth the Worry in U.S. Primary Schools?

Gershenson

Jacknowitz

Brannegan

2017

Education Finance and Policy

170

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 Chronic absenteeism strongly predicts school dropout net of other important factors, such as academic achievement (Allensworth & Easton, 2007;Balfanz & Byrnes, 2012;Balfanz, Herzog, & Mac Iver, 2007;Gottfried, 2011). 4 Although scholars and practitioners agree that absence in secondary school is a problem, the empirical literature on the prevalence and potential reasons for absence is relatively weak, largely due to the lack of detailed class-level attendance data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We’re Missing

Whitney¹,

Liu

2017

AERA Open

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School Bus Rebate Program and Student Educational Performance Test Scores

Pedde,

Szpiro,

Hirth

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceStudents who ride older school buses are often exposed to high levels of exhaust during their commutes, which may adversely affect health and school attendance. As a result, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has awarded millions of dollars to school districts to replace older, highly polluting school buses with newer, cleaner buses.ObjectiveTo leverage the EPA’s randomized allocation of funding under the 2012-2016 School Bus Rebate Programs to estimate the association between replacing old, highly polluting buses and changes in district-average standardized test scores.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study examined changes in reading and language arts (RLA) and math test scores among US school district applicants to the EPA’s 2012-2016 national School Bus Rebate Programs 1 year before and after each lottery by selection status. Data analysis was conducted from January 15 to July 30, 2023.ExposureSelection to receive EPA funding to replace older school buses with newer, cleaner alternatives.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSchool district changes in RLA and math test scores among students in grades 3 through 8 before and after the EPA funding lotteries by selection status were measured using an intention-to-treat approach.ResultsThis study included 1941 school district applicants to the 2012-2106 EPA School Bus Rebate Programs. These districts had a mean (SD) of 14.6 (33.7) schools per district, 8755 (23 776) students per district, and 41.3% (20.2%) of students with free lunch eligibility. Among the applicants, 209 districts (11%) were selected for the clean bus funding. District-average student test scores did not improve among selected districts overall. In secondary analyses, however, districts replacing the oldest, highest polluting buses (ie, pre-1990) experienced significantly greater improvements in district-average test scores in the year after the lottery for RLA and math (SD improvement in test scores, 0.062 [95% CI, 0.050-0.074] and 0.025 [95% CI, 0.011-0.039], respectively) compared with districts without replacements.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, the EPA funding was not associated with student test scores overall, but in secondary analyses, the replacement of the oldest school buses was associated with improved educational performance. These findings support prioritizing clean bus replacement of the oldest buses as an actionable way for improving students’ educational performance.

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The Detrimental Effects of Missing School: Evidence from Urban Siblings

Cited by 120 publications

References 41 publications

Are Student Absences Worth the Worry in U.S. Primary Schools?

Are Student Absences Worth the Worry in U.S. Primary Schools?

What We’re Missing

School Bus Rebate Program and Student Educational Performance Test Scores

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