The Determination of the Electrophoretic Contribution to Conductance From the Concentration Dependence of Transference Numbers

Kay, Robert L.; Dye, James

doi:10.1073/pnas.49.1.5

Cited by 33 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Various attempts have been made to classify solvents, e.g. according to bulk and molecular properties 20) , empirical solvent parameter scales 6 " 211 , hydrogen-bonding ability 2324) , and miscibility 25) . In table I solvents are divided into classes on the basis of their acid-base properties 26 " 29) which can be used as a general chemical measure of their ability to interact with other species.…”

Section: Classification Of Solvents and Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions in Chemistry and Modern Technology

Barthel¹,

Gores²,

Schmeer³

et al. 1983

Physical and Inorganic Chemistry

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These association and dissociation reactions do not usually proceed to completion. Both processes are described by the thermodynamic equilibrium constants K A (association constant) or K d (dissociation constant). The dissolution of perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid 32 " 34 * shows the typical ionisation equilibrium (equilibrium constant, K 1 ) preceding the dissociation process in the case of ionogenes.

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Section: Classification Of Solvents and Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions in Chemistry and Modern Technology

Barthel¹,

Gores²,

Schmeer³

et al. 1983

Physical and Inorganic Chemistry

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Nanoporous Hybrid Electrolytes for High‐Energy Batteries Based on Reactive Metal Anodes

Zachman

Choudhury

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

123

105

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rechargeable batteries has emerged as a requirement for large-scale electrification of transportation. [1] It is now known, for example, that replacing the carbon-based anode in today's lithium-ion batteries with metallic lithium would lead to a tenfold increase in the amount of charge stored (from 360 to 3860 mA h g −1 ) per unit mass of the battery anode. Such lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are also promising for a variety of other reasons. The most important is that they enable the use of high-energy unlithiated materials, such as sulfur, oxygen, and carbon dioxide [2] as the active species in the cathode. This raises the prospect of multiple battery platforms that offer large improvements in specific energy (SE) on either a mass or volumetric basis considering the electrode materials only (e.g., SE Li-S = 2.5 kW h kg −1 or 2.8 kW h L −1 ; SE Li-O2 = 12 kW h kg −1 ; SE Li-O2/CO2 = 10.5 kW h kg −1 ), relative to today's state-of-the-art Li-ion technology (SE Li-ion = 0.5 kW h kg −1 ).Unregulated, rough/dendritic lithium electrodeposition during charging is now understood to be the main hurdle to practical LMBs that can be operated stably and safely over the thousands of charge-discharge cycles required for applications in transportation. [3] Several recent studies, including a few excellent reviews, [4,5] summarize the physicochemical factors that produce unstable Li deposition and discuss possible strategies to prevent Li dendrite formation and stabilize LMBs during cell recharge. Previously, we reported that a family of nanoporous γ-Al 2 O 3 /polymer laminate membranes able to imbibe large amounts of liquid electrolyte in their pores break the conventional modulus-ionic conductivity tradeoff that had previously prohibited solutions based on solid electrolytes. The membranes were also reported to exhibit impressive ability to retard Li dendrite proliferation in Li/Li symmetric as well as Li/Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 half cells. [6,7] A recent theoretical study of Li electrodeposition in elastic media suggests that aside from their high mechanical modulus and high ionic conductivity, there are at least two fundamental reasons why nanoporous ceramic membranes may stabilize the anode in a LMB. First, the channels constrain dendrite nucleate sizes below critical dimensions where surface tension alone can completely stabilize electrodeposition at the Li-metal/electrolyte interface. [8] Second, nanochannels with charged walls can effectively regulate fluid flow or rectify ion transport in the Successful strategies for stabilizing electrodeposition of reactive metals, including lithium, sodium, and aluminum are a requirement for safe, highenergy electrochemical storage technologies that utilize these metals as anodes. Unstable deposition produces high-surface area dendritic structures at the anode/electrolyte interface, which causes premature cell failure by complex physical and chemical processes that have presented formidable barriers to progress. Here, it is reported that hybrid electrolytes created by infusing convention...

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The Temperature Dependence of the Properties of Electrolyte Solutions. IV. Determination of Cationic Transference Numbers in Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, and Acetonitrile at Various Temperatures

Barthel

Ströder

Iberl

et al. 1982

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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Cationic transference numbers and conductance data of KSCN and Me4NSCN in methanol (‐15°C to + 25°C), KSCN in ethanol (‐5°C to + 25°C) and propanol (+ 10°C and +25°C), Me4NClO4 and Et4NClO4 in acetonitrile (‐35°C to +25°C) were determined at electrolyte concentrations from 10−3 to 10−2 mol · kg−1. The transference numbers obtained by a moving boundary method were corrected for the changes of the calibration volume resulting from anodic reactions, conductance of the solvent and Joule heating. The data are discussed on the basis of transport equations which take into account short range interactions in the ion distribution functions.

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The Determination of the Electrophoretic Contribution to Conductance From the Concentration Dependence of Transference Numbers

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions in Chemistry and Modern Technology

Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions in Chemistry and Modern Technology

Nanoporous Hybrid Electrolytes for High‐Energy Batteries Based on Reactive Metal Anodes

The Temperature Dependence of the Properties of Electrolyte Solutions. IV. Determination of Cationic Transference Numbers in Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, and Acetonitrile at Various Temperatures

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