The Determination of the Electrical Conductivities of Some Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions Using a Transformer Bridge

Abstract

A method for the determination of the conductivities of solution without the use of contacting or dipping electrodes is described. This involves the use of a transformer ratio-arm bridge operating a t audio-frequencies, and this is described in detail. Results obtained for concentrated solutions of barium chloride, magnesium sulfate and potassium ferro-and ferricyanides are given.

Power Conversion Efficiency, Electrode Separation, and Overpotential in the Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide Thermogalvanic Cell

“…The ohmic contribution to total cell resistance depends not only on the concentration of the electrodically active ions, i.e., the cations in the Fe(CN)/Fe(CN) couple, but also depends on the sum of any ohmic contributions from the anions and the background electrolyte. Table 1118, 19 shows the various contributions in the electrolyte which give a total solution conductivity, tot, of Ca. 19.6 S m. The total ohmic contribution to the total cell resistance can be determined from this using (3E/a1).…”

Magnetic Induction Responses of Jupiter's Ocean Moons Including Effects from Adiabatic Convection

“…For Ganymede, we simulate a second ocean layer at the water-rock interface at a depth of 900 km. Lying under 530 km of ice VI (Vance et al, 2018), this layer is modeled as a 30-km-thick high-conductivity region (20 S/m) corresponding to a nearly saturated MgSO 4 solution, consistent with (Hogenboom et al, 1995) and (Calvert et al, 1958). The influence of such a layer (dotted lines in Figure 6) is a ∼1% decrease in amplitude at the orbital period of 171.57 h. The amplitude decrease results from mutual induction between the conducting layers at this period.…”

Magnetic Induction Responses of Jupiter's Ocean Moons Including Effects From Adiabatic Convection

“…For Ganymede, we simulate a second ocean layer at the water–rock interface at a depth of 900 km. Lying under 530 km of ice VI (Vance et al., 2018), this layer is modeled as a 30‐km‐thick high‐conductivity region (20 S/m) corresponding to a nearly saturated MgSO 4 solution, consistent with (Hogenboom et al., 1995) and (Calvert et al., 1958). The influence of such a layer (dotted lines in Figure 6) is a ∼1% decrease in amplitude at the orbital period of 171.57 h. The amplitude decrease results from mutual induction between the conducting layers at this period.…”