The Determination of Molecular Weight Distributions on Heparin Samples

Barlow, Grant H.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1004354

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Some contaminants such as sulphated agarose or OSHS may lurk beneath the spectrum of heparin however, avoiding detection [84,85]. The true potential for NMR in quality control lies in powerful higher-dimensional experiments, including homonuclear experiments such as correlation spectroscopy (COSY) [55,86,87], total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) [46,80,81], heteronuclear experiments, such as heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) [46,56], heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation (HMQC) [56], through-space correlations such as nuclear-Over Hauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) [46,88], and diffusion methods such as diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) [89]. These 2D NMR methods have been used in the study of the higher-level structure of heparins and were pivotal in first defining OSCS as a contaminant [41,46].…”

Section: Alternative Techniques That May Assist In Heparin Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger heparin molecules possess increased activity but provide a larger surface area for potential side effects to occur [6]. The size of heparin can be defined in many ways, including legacy methods such as ultracentrifugation and viscosity measurements [86,92] and more modern methods such as calibration through use of standards, utilising PAGE [54,87,93,94], and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) [94,95,96,97] or through use of the Rayleigh theory, whereby the ratio of scattered light intensity to incident light intensity is used to define MW, such as with static-right-angle-, low-angle- and multi-angle laser light scattering (SLS, RALS, LALS, and MALS respectively) techniques [52,88,94,98,99,100]. MW has also been defined using 13 C NMR [101] and MS [102,103] .…”

Section: Alternative Techniques That May Assist In Heparin Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tools for the Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Heparin

et al. 2019

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Heparin is a vital pharmaceutical anticoagulant drug and remains one of the few naturally sourced pharmaceutical agents used clinically. Heparin possesses a structural order with up to four levels of complexity. These levels are subject to change based on the animal or even tissue sources that they are extracted from, while higher levels are believed to be entirely dynamic and a product of their surrounding environments, including bound proteins and associated cations. In 2008, heparin sources were subject to a major contamination with a deadly compound—an over-sulphated chondroitin sulphate polysaccharide—that resulted in excess of 100 deaths within North America alone. In consideration of this, an arsenal of methods to screen for heparin contamination have been applied, based primarily on the detection of over-sulphated chondroitin sulphate. The targeted nature of these screening methods, for this specific contaminant, may leave contamination by other entities poorly protected against, but novel approaches, including library-based chemometric analysis in concert with a variety of spectroscopic methods, could be of great importance in combating future, potential threats.

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Section: Alternative Techniques That May Assist In Heparin Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Techniques That May Assist In Heparin Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools for the Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Heparin

et al. 2019

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“…These include; MALDI-TOF [11], gel electrophoresis [12], 13 C NMR spectroscopy [13], and intrinsic viscosity [14]. A relatively new method toward characterizing heparin oligomers is size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of aldehyde terminated heparin by SEC-MALLS–UV for the surface functionalization of polycaprolactone biomaterials

Irvine

Steele

Bhuthalingam

et al. 2015

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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“…The oligosaccharide components exhibit a molecular weight range of 2.0 to 60.0 kd and variations in charge density and receptor interactions have been reported. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Furthermore, once standardized in the pharmacopeial assays (USP or EP), the anticoagulant characteristics of heparins prepared from different sources are approximately identical.…”

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confidence: 99%