“…NH4-N in the soils was determined by the aeration method of Potter and Snyder (6). N0 3 -N in the soil was determined by the phenoldisulfonic acid method.…”
“…NH4-N in the soils was determined by the aeration method of Potter and Snyder (6). N0 3 -N in the soil was determined by the phenoldisulfonic acid method.…”
“…However, considering the factors of requirement analysis such as the complexity of the equipment required for the tests, compatibility with the rover system and budget constraint of URC 2021, the traditional methods seemed to be more suitable than the modern methods. On a similar note, methods of detecting ammonia from soil samples may include Schloesing's methods, Baumann's method or Russel's methods 35 . Ammonia can also be detected by using dilute sodium hydroxide solution and heating it.…”
Section: Phase 2: Selected Biomolecules Based On Requirement Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It, therefore, had to be discontinued because this strong alkali even at low temperatures gradually decomposes the organic nitrogen compounds giving rise to ammonium ions. Hydrochloric acid (#1) needed in the second Schloesing's method removes approximately 60% to 70% of the added ammonium ions 35 . This method requires the distillation of the soil directly with magnesia, and the amount of ammonium obtained by distillation is dependent on the duration of the distillation, which is proportional to the amount of water and soil used and, on the amount of heat applied.…”
A rapid multiple biomolecules based life detection protocol (MBLDP-R) from soil samples is proposed to embed in a scientific rover subsystem targeted for planetary analysis missions complying the guidelines of Science Mission of University Rover Challenge 2021 (URC 2021). The proposed protocol selects suitable biomolecules from a preliminary list through a requirement analysis driven filtration process emphasizing two factors: a) rules of URC 2021 and b) compatibility of the biomolecule test equipment to be embedded in a rover subsystem. To sort out the best test methods for finally selected biomolecules, a weighted qualitative test scoring methodology is applied. A rover subsystem that implements the protocol was built to perform onboard sample analysis. Evaluation results show that: 1) ) the proposed MBLDP-R protocol could effectively predict the classes with an average f1-score of 98.65% (macro) and 90.00% (micro) and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUC-ROC) curve shows the sample categories to be correctly predicted 92% of the time (97% Extant, 88% Extinct and 92 % in case of NPL) and 2) the protocol is time-efficient with an average completion time of 17.60 minutes that demonstrates the rapid nature of the protocol to detect bio signatures in soil samples.
“…The amounts of ammonia in the soil were determined by Folin's aeration method, which has been modified and adapted for soil investigation by Potter and Snyder (26). It was essential to success that the method should entail no formation of ammonia from the cyanamide or dicyanodiamide.…”
Section: Tlie Determination Of Ammonia In the Soilmentioning
The present investigation was undertaken to study the decomposition of cyanamide and dicyanodiamide in the soil and their specific action on plant growth. Their close chemical relationship necessitated a comparison of their respective behaviour in the soil. Dicyanodiamide is a polymer of cyanamide to which the formula C2H4N4 is assigned. Morrell and Burgen(1) and Werner (2) have shown that the polymerisation is caused by acids or alkalis, even in small amount, but a weak alkali is substantially more effective than a correspondingly weak acid; the rate of the change is greatly increased by raising the temperature. The process does not appear to be reversible.
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