The Determination by Neutron Activation Analysis of Selected Elements in Cigarettes

Jenkins, R. W.; Newman, Richard; Ikeda, Robert M.; Carpenter, Robert D.; Williamson, T.G.

doi:10.1080/00032717108058636

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Williamson and ]enleins (4) also reported the collection of the smoke on conventional C~bridge filters when the . tobacco industry accepted CORESTA standard smoking conditions (one 2-second puff per minute, 35 ml volume) were used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Activation Analysis in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke Studies: 2R1 Cigarette Composition, Smoke Transference and Butt Filtration

Jenkins

Goldey

Williamson

1985

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYPresented are the results from the use of neutron activation analyses to determine some of the inorganic components of the complete 2RI reference cigarette, the tobacco fdler, the cigarette paper, the dropped ash and the mainstream particulate smoke. Transference values are given for Na, K, Br, Cl, Co, Rb, AI, Se and Mn. Neutron activation analyses were used to determine butt filtration of selected inorganics in the tobacco rod and in cellulose acetate filters. Butt filtration curves for each 5 mm section behind the cigarette coal were constructed from the data. Na, K, Br and Cl appeared to be removed by normal filtration mechanisms (direct impaction, interception, or diffusion) of entrained particles of inorganic residue coming from the cigarette coal. Vapor condensation of the inorganics studied was not considered a major filtration mechanism because a uniform fdtcation was observed at distances far enough behind the coal that the smoke would have been at room temperature with essentially all condensation completed."'Rocei_ved: 11th Morch 1983-acupted: 3rd ~ptember 1985.Calcium and magnesium were shown to be removed in such a manner as to indicate a removal mechanism dependent on very large particles enriched in these elements. A proposed mechanism is given to account for the lack of any detectable transference of these elements to mainstream smoke. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0556 5 mm Retentionskurven erstellt. Die Retention von Na, K, Br und Cl scheint auf gewOhnlichen Filtrationsmechanismen (direkte Impaktion bzw, Abfangen oder Diffusion

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Activation Analysis in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke Studies: 2R1 Cigarette Composition, Smoke Transference and Butt Filtration

Jenkins

Goldey

Williamson

1985

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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“…These methods comprise, total reflection X-ray fluorescence (Martinez, Lartique et al 2008), neutron activation analysis (Jenkins et al 1971), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Naozuka et al 2003), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Bettinelli et al 2002), and ion chromatography (IC) (Miyake, Kato, and Urano 2007). However, ion chromatography allows the simultaneous determination of all halogens with suitable limits of detection (Yang et al 1998;Karthikeyan, See, and Balasubramanian 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Bromide, Chloride, and Fluoride in Cigarette Tobacco by Ion Chromatography after Microwave-Induced Combustion

et al. 2012

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A microwave-induced combustion (MIC) method was applied for cigarette tobacco digestion and further determination of bromide (Br), chloride (Cl), and fluoride (F) by ion chromatography (IC). Samples (up to 500 mg) were combusted at 20 bar of oxygen. Combustion was complete in less than 30 s, and analytes were absorbed in (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 solutions. A reflux step, not available in other systems, was applied to improve analyte absorption. Absorbing solution with 50 mmol L À1 (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 was selected because it showed recovery close to 100% for samples containing spikes of halogens. Accuracy of the proposed procedure was evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials and the agreement was better than 97% for all analytes using 50 mmol L À1 (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 as absorbing solution and 5 min of reflux. Temperature during combustion was higher than 1400 C and the residual carbon content was always lower than 1%. With the use of the MIC system, up to eight samples could be processed simultaneously, and a single absorbing solution was suitable for all analytes. Limits of quantification by MIC and further IC determination were 0.50, 0.20, and 0.10 lg g À1 for Br, Cl, and F, respectively.

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“…Instead, quartz glass filters are used for collection of inorganic compounds in environmental tobacco smoke, because of their relatively low background contamination [3]. Although cold traps [4,5] and jet impaction traps [6] have been used to collect smoke condensate to avoid inorganic background contamination, poor collection efficiency has limited their use to smoke constituents with low to intermediate volatility. Electrostatic precipitation has become the preferred technique for collection of cigarette smoke condensate for trace metal analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [8], total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis (TXRF) [8], energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) [20], instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) [5,6,8,21,22], proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) [3], graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) [7,8] and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) [23,24]. The choice of the analytical technique depends on the amount of smoke condensate collected, the intrinsic concentration of the analyte, and the background contamination from smoke collection and sample preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slurry sampling for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate by graphite furnace–atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry

Torrence¹,

McDaniel²,

Self³

et al. 2002

Anal Bioanal Chem

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The slurry sampling technique has been applied for the determination of As, Cd, and Pb in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate (MS CSC) by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The MS CSC of the 1R4F Reference Cigarette was collected by electrostatic precipitation and was subsequently prepared as two slurry samples with and without the dispersing agent Triton X-100. Comparison of results determined by ICP-MS analyses of the 1R4F MS CSC slurry samples with those from the conventional microwave digestion method revealed good agreement. The precision of Triton X-100 slurry sampling and of microwave-assisted digestion was better than 10% RSD, and both were superior to slurry sampling without use of Triton X-100. The accuracy of the analytical results for the Triton X-100 slurry sample was further verified by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). For GF-AAS, the method limits of detection are 1.6, 0.04, and 0.5 microg x L(-1) for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. For ICP-MS, the method limits of detection are 0.06, 0.01, and 0.38 microg x L(-1) for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The MS CSC of the 1R4F Reference Cigarette was collected in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) smoking regime (35 mL puff volume of 2-s puff duration at an interval of 60 s) and the concentrations of As, Cd and Pb were 6.0+/-0.5, 69.3+/-2.8, and 42.0+/-2.1 ng/cigarette, respectively.

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The Determination by Neutron Activation Analysis of Selected Elements in Cigarettes

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Neutron Activation Analysis in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke Studies: 2R1 Cigarette Composition, Smoke Transference and Butt Filtration

Neutron Activation Analysis in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke Studies: 2R1 Cigarette Composition, Smoke Transference and Butt Filtration

Determination of Bromide, Chloride, and Fluoride in Cigarette Tobacco by Ion Chromatography after Microwave-Induced Combustion

Slurry sampling for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate by graphite furnace–atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry

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