The Determinant Factor of the Principal Leadership Solutions in Facing the 21st-Century Learning

Abstract

Principal leadership is very important in the education and learning efforts of the 21st-century. This study aims to find determinants of principal leadership solutions in dealing with 21st-century learning in Vocational High Schools (VHS). This research was conducted with a total sample of 64 respondents from the principals, the vice principal for field I-IV, the head of department, and staff. The data analysis used the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method to test the validity of the constructs and to estimate the reliability of the data. Furthermore, the t-test, One Way Anova, and Games-Howell test were used to test the difference in the average rating based on the characteristics of the respondent's dimensions. The results of the EFA analysis show that seven sub-variables are consisting of 29 determinants of the principal's leadership solution which are identified at 74.266%. The results of the instrument reliability estimation have a reliable level. Based on the different tests using the t-test on the gender dimension and the One Way Anova test on the last position and education dimension, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in the assessment of respondents. The Games-Howell test post-hoc revealed that there were significant differences based on the 29-33 year age dimension and the 5-9-year-old teaching experience dimension.

A framework for measuring the level of achievement of vocational students competency of architecture education

“…Multivariate data analysis used Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Covariance based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) method used to assess evaluation models (Baber, 2021;Kyriakides & Charalambous, 2020;Prasojo, Habibi, Mukminin, Sofyan, Indrayana & Anwar, 2020;Saleem, Kamarudin, Shoaib & Nasar, 2021;ShayesteFar, 2020). Testing of construct validity was carried out using factor analysis using Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) (Broadbent, Sharman, Panadero & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, 2021;Gok, 2021;Hidayat, Zamri & Zulnaidi, 2018;Saifurrahman, Sudira & Daryono, 2021;ShayesteFar, 2020) and testing the suitability of the model using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (Hair, Black, Babin & Anderson, 2010;Hidayat et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2020;Rodríguez-Santero, Torres-Gordillo & Gil-Flores, 2020;Suwanroj, Leekitchwatana & Pimdee, 2019). EFA aims to test whether the statement items or indicators used can confirm a factor or variable (Mateus & Hernández-Breña, 2019;Rodríguez-Santero et al, 2020;Suwanroj et al, 2019).…”

Relevance Analysis of Civil Engineering Competency According to the Construction Industry Needs in Vocational High School

“…The communalities table shows the effective contribution of each item to the formed factors. In this case the communalities values range from 0.5 to 1.0 (Reynolds & Candee, 2019;Saifurrahman et al, 2021). The loading factor value shows the magnitude of the correlation of each variable in the formed factor.…”

Technological leadership systems and principal skills at the primary level

“…In his capacity as the principal's technology guard, the principal or educational leadership certainly provides resources and social and moral support to all school (Aprilana et al, 2017). Furthermore, Saifurrahman et al, (2021) also argue that the principal as a school managerial leader is a determinant who must have skills in the use of technology, mainly when education is carried out in an era where technology is no longer a problem as an ordinary communication tool. However, he is a critical infrastructure that can innovate.…”