The detection and role of heat shock protein 70 in various nondisease conditions and disease conditions: a literature review

Abstract

As an intracellular polypeptide, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be exposed on the plasma membrane and/or released into the circulation. However, the role of HSP70 in various nondisease and disease conditions remains unknown. Quantitative methods for the detection of HSP70 have been used in clinical studies, revealing that an increase in circulating HSP70 is associated with various types of exercise, elderly patients presenting with inflammation, mobile phones, inflammation, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, carotid intima-media thickness, glutamine-treated ill patients, mortality, diabetes mellitus, active chronic glomerulonephritis, and cancers. Circulating HSP70 decreases with age in humans and in obstructive sleep apnea, arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass surgery, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, moderate-to-severe alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. In conclusion, quantitative methods can be used to detect HSP70, particularly in determining circulating HSP70 levels, using more convenient and rapid screening methods. Studies have shown that changes in HSP70 are associated with various nondisease and disease conditions; thus, HSP70 might be a novel potential biomarker reflecting various nondisease conditions and also the severity of disease conditions. However, the reliability and accuracy, as well as the underlying mechanism, of this relationship remain poorly understood, and large-sample clinical research must be performed to verify the role.

Pro‐inflammatory effects of extracellular Hsp70 on NCI‐H292 human bronchial epithelial cell line

“…Heat‐shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones that can be up‐regulated when cells are exposed to different kinds of stressors. It has been demonstrated that 72 kDa, the major inducible Hsp70 protein, possesses antagonistic actions, depending on its localization . While intracellular Hsp70 exerts a powerful protective and anti‐inflammatory effect, extracellular Hsp70 (eHsp70) is considered as one of the DAMPs and therefore might be able to activate innate and inflammatory responses .…”

Heat Shock Protein 70 Negatively Regulates TGF-β-Stimulated VEGF Synthesis via p38 MAP Kinase in Osteoblasts

“…Among the members of HSPs, HSP70 (HSPA) ubiquitously exists in unstressed cells and functions as an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone for the assistance of folding newly synthesized proteins, and the translocation of proteins into the different cellular compartments [7-10]. Accumulating evidence indicates potent effects of HSP70 toward various diseases, such as cancer, infection and autoimmune diseases [4, 11]. Since the increase of HSP70 protein expression is reportedly related to poor outcome [12], it is currently considered that inhibition of HSP70 could become one of therapeutic targets against these diseases.…”

Chikungunya Virus Interacts with Heat Shock Cognate 70 Protein to Facilitate Its Entry into Mosquito Cell Line

“…Heat shock proteins help to protect cells from a wide array of stresses like elevated temperature and infection [28]. As an intracellular polypeptide, Hsp 70 can be exposed on the plasma membrane and/or released into the circulation [29,30]. A wide array of cellular functions has been attributed to HSC 70, mostly through its cooperation with co-chaperones.…”