“…In addition, we monitored in the ITC experiments that tryptanthrin had relatively lower affinity to PIM1 than SGI-1776 and ETP-45299 (Table 1). To improve the potency against targets, a large number of inhibitors have been modified in their specific functional groups based on SAR studies [30,51,52]. Various substituents, including alkyl, O, S, N or cyclic moiety, would be applicable for better inhibitory efficacy of tryptanthrin against PIM1.…”