The Design of Insect Repellents

Skinner, W. A.; Johnson, Howard L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-060310-7.50012-2

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Pyrethrin-based products have been widely used to protect people from mosquito bites through their repellent effects, knock-down and killing effects. Many other natural products of botanical origin, especially essential oils, have been shown to possess satisfactory repellency effects against insects (Skinner & Johnson, 1980). Ascidian, generally known as tunicates or sea squirts, provide a rich source of biologically active compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Repellent Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Some Ascidian Species

Hussein¹,

Jantan²,

Awaludin³

et al. 2002

Pharmaceutical Biology

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The methanol extracts of seven marine ascidian species (Clavelina picta, Eudistoma obscuratum, Atriolum robustum, Didemnum sp., D. molle, Phallusia sp. and Aplidium sp.) from Malaysia were investigated for their repellency effects against four vector mosquitoes (Anopheles maculatus, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus). Mosquito repellent activity was assessed by using the test cage described in the American Society for Testing and Materials standard E951-83. The extracts showed a significant degree of repellency against the mosquitoes with ED 50 values ranging from 0.0008 to 0.0746 mg cm -2 . The repellency effects were dose-dependent and selective as the ED 50 values showed variation towards the various mosquitoes. Amongst these, the extract of Didemnum sp., with an ED 50 of 0.0008 mg cm -2 against An. maculatus, was the most effective, comparable to the value obtained with the standard repellent, deet.Pharmaceutical Biology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by McMaster University on 11/18/14For personal use only.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Repellent Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Some Ascidian Species

Hussein¹,

Jantan²,

Awaludin³

et al. 2002

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Elucidation of the mode of action is further complicated by difficulties of aerodynamic origin. Modern formulation techniques for application by controlled release may provide means of practical application of repellents for instance by covering field crops with wide-mesh polymer netting as suggested by SKINNER and JOHNSON (1981). The search for low toxicity insect repellents for use in agriculture is continued.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compounds repellent to Delia radicum (L.) (Dipt., Anthomyiidae)

Ouden¹,

Bulsink²,

Theunissen³

1996

J Applied Entomology

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“…2,3 However, as a repellent for human use, DEET is not equally effective against all insect and arthropod vectors of disease. 4 It is short in duration of action and has disagreeable cosmetic effects. 1,4 Aside from its unpleasant odor, DEET can penetrate the skin.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…4 It is short in duration of action and has disagreeable cosmetic effects. 1,4 Aside from its unpleasant odor, DEET can penetrate the skin. 1,5 It can cause drug-drug interactions and potential toxicity such as adverse reactions in children and adults when used in concentrations exceeding label recommendations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Predicting mosquito repellent potency of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs from molecular electronic properties.

Ma¹,

Bhattacharjee²,

Gupta³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Specific molecular electronic properties of 30 N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs demonstrate functional dependence with their reported duration of protection against mosquito bites, thus providing predictors of insect repellent efficacy. No single electronic property is sufficient to predict repellent efficacy as measured by protection time, rather a set of specific electronic properties is required. Thus, the values of the van der Waals surface electrostatic potential by the amide nitrogen and oxygen atoms, the atomic charge at the amide nitrogen atom, and the dipole moment must all be in optimal ranges for potent repellency. The electronic properties were calculated using the AM1 semi-empirical quantum chemical method using commercial software. These easily calculable predictors of repellent efficacy should be useful in predicting the relative efficacy of newly designed compounds, thus guiding the selection of new repellents for testing.

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The Design of Insect Repellents

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Mosquito Repellent Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Some Ascidian Species

Mosquito Repellent Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Some Ascidian Species

Compounds repellent to Delia radicum (L.) (Dipt., Anthomyiidae)

Predicting mosquito repellent potency of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs from molecular electronic properties.

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