The Design of Anionic Surfactant-Based Amino-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and their Application in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Abstract

Melanoma remains the most lethal form of skin cancer and most challenging to treat despite advances in the oncology field. Our work describes the utilization of nanotechnology to target melanoma locally in an attempt to provide an advanced and efficient quality of therapy. Amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-NH2) were developed in situ through the utilization of anionic surfactant and different volumes of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as a co-structure directing agent (CSDA). Prepared particles were characterized for their morphology, particles size, 5-flurouracol (5-FU) and dexamethasone (DEX) loading capacity and release, skin penetration, and cytotoxicity in vitro in HT-144 melanoma cells. Results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm showed that using different volumes of APTES during the functionalization process had an impact on the internal and external morphology of the particles, as well as particle size. However, changing the volume of APTES did not affect the diameter of formed mesochannels, which was about 4 nm. MSN-NH2 showed a relatively high loading capacity of 5-FU (12.6 ± 5.5) and DEX (44.72 ± 4.21) when using drug: MSN-NH2 ratios of 5:1 for both drugs. The release profile showed that around 83% of 5-FU and 21% of DEX were released over 48 h in pH 7.4. The skin permeability study revealed that enhancement ratio of 5-Fu and DEX using MSN-NH2 were 4.67 and 5.68, respectively, relative to their free drugs counterparts. In addition, the accumulation of drugs in skin layers where melanoma cells usually reside were enhanced approximately 10 times with 5-FU and 5 times with DEX when delivering drugs using MSN-NH2 compared to control. MSN-NH2 alone was nontoxic to melanoma cells when incubated for 48 h in the range of 0 to 468 µg/mL. The combination of 5-FU MSN-NH2 and DEX MSN-NH2 showed significant increase in toxicity compared to their free dug counterparts and exhibited a synergetic effect as well as the ability to circumvent DEX induced 5-FU resistance in melanoma cells.

APTES-Modified SBA-15 as a Non-Toxic Carrier for Phenylbutazone

“…The initial burst release may result from the presence of PBZ adsorbed at outer part of the SBA-15-pr-NH2 channels, whereas the sustained release of PBZ is associated with PBZ loaded within silicas’ pores or electrostatically attracted to the aminopropyl groups present on modified material. This may be due to the fact that the diffusion of PBZ adsorbed at the outer part of silica is faster than from the inside of the materials’ pore [ 15 , 44 , 45 ]. Significant improvement in the dissolution rate of PBZ may be due to the property of SBA-15 to provide a more soluble amorphous form of adsorbed drugs [ 6 ].…”

Formulation of Chitosan-Coated Brigatinib Nanospanlastics: Optimization, Characterization, Stability Assessment and In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Activity against H-1975 Cell Lines

“…The morphology and approximate vesicle size of optimized BGT-loaded NSPs were studied by TEM analysis (TEM; JEOL JEM-1010, Tokyo, Japan) [ 51 ]. The optimized BGT-loaded NSPs were diluted with Milli-Q water and vortexed for three minutes.…”

Characterization of Drug Release from Mesoporous SiO2-Based Membranes with Variable Pore Structure and Geometry

“…MSNs allow for relatively high loading concentrations of drug molecules while displaying the physicochemical stability known for silica. Furthermore, amorphous silica materials exhibit high biocompatibility, are non-toxic, and are widely used as adjuvant in pharmaceutical technology [12][13][14][15]. Thereby, MSNs obtain significant advantages over other drug carrier systems like micelles, liposomes, and polymers, which suffer from poor thermal and chemical stability [12,16].…”