The Design and Evaluation of a Hope Enhancement Programme for Adults

Pretorius, Charl; Venter, C.J.H.; Temane, Q. Michael; Wissing, Marié P.

doi:10.1080/14330237.2008.10820202

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the current replication analyses, such studies were excluded unless missing data could be imputed from other relevant sources. For example, if standard deviations for an outcome measure were missing in one study/experiment but were reported elsewhere (e.g., for another study/experiment within the same article), the missing standard deviations were imputed from the available ones to allow the calculation of effect sizes (e.g., Pretorious et al [108]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analyses of positive psychology interventions: The effects are much smaller than previously reported

2019

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For at least four decades, researchers have studied the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase well-being. These interventions have become known as positive psychology interventions (PPIs). Two highly cited meta-analyses examined the effectiveness of PPIs on well-being and depression: Sin and Lyubomirsky (2009) and Bolier et al. (2013). Sin and Lyubomirsky reported larger effects of PPIs on well-being ( r = .29) and depression ( r = .31) than Bolier et al. reported for subjective well-being ( r = .17), psychological well-being ( r = .10), and depression ( r = .11). A detailed examination of the two meta-analyses reveals that the authors employed different approaches, used different inclusion and exclusion criteria, analyzed different sets of studies, described their methods with insufficient detail to compare them clearly, and did not report or properly account for significant small sample size bias. The first objective of the current study was to reanalyze the studies selected in each of the published meta-analyses, while taking into account small sample size bias. The second objective was to replicate each meta-analysis by extracting relevant effect sizes directly from the primary studies included in the meta-analyses. The present study revealed three key findings: (1) many of the primary studies used a small sample size; (2) small sample size bias was pronounced in many of the analyses; and (3) when small sample size bias was taken into account, the effect of PPIs on well-being were small but significant (approximately r = .10), whereas the effect of PPIs on depression were variable, dependent on outliers, and generally not statistically significant. Future PPI research needs to focus on increasing sample sizes. A future meta-analyses of this research needs to assess cumulative effects from a comprehensive collection of primary studies while being mindful of issues such as small sample size bias.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analyses of positive psychology interventions: The effects are much smaller than previously reported

2019

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“…Although there exists research in other settings that suggests that PPIs can have positive impacts on the mental health of individuals (see Friedman et al, 2019; Friedman et al, 2017; Hendriks et al, 2019; Pretorius, Venter, Temane, & Wissing, 2008; Weiss et al, 2016), the majority of interventions have focused on healthy urban populations (Addley et al, 2014; Page & Vella‐Brodrick, 2013) and clinical populations (Chakhssi et al, 2018; Macaskill, 2016) rather than on non‐clinical, but low‐income rural populations. There are limited impact evaluations of well‐being interventions in Africa (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are limited impact evaluations of well‐being interventions in Africa (e.g. Pretorius et al, 2008; Rugira, Nienaber, & Wissing, 2015; Teodorczuk, Guse, & du Plessis, 2019; Van Zyl & Rothmann, 2012), particularly in the Ghanaian context, but the evidence that does exist suggests positive trends that are worth exploring further.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Community‐Based Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention on Mental Health of Rural Adults in Ghana

Appiah

Fadiji

Schutte

et al. 2020

Applied Psych Health & Well

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This study investigates the effectiveness of a 10-week multicomponent PPI, the Inspired Life Program (ILP), in promoting the mental health and reducing self-reported symptoms of depression and negative affect in a non-clinical, rural Ghanaian adult sample. Although previous research has examined group-based well-being interventions in developing countries (e.g. Bonthuys, Botha, Nienaber, Freeka, & Kruger, 2011; Rugira et al., 2015; Teodorczuk et al., 2019; Van Zyl & Rothmann, 2012), as far as can be established, there is a lack of research examining the effectiveness of a PPI group-based intervention model in Ghana. The ILP differs from the existing PPI programs in that it offers a multicomponent PPI (mPPI) at a group level for a rural poor, non-English speaking sample. Given that a group-based model is more cost-effective (since the costs of mental health professionals are distributed across several people, rather than a single individual), a successful intervention could have important policy implications, in that it would offer a cheaper alternative to delivering mental health improvements. Nonetheless, there is ample evidence to support both individualized (e.g.

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“…Although the RCT design is considered the gold standard in clinical research which may result in high-quality data that permits the description of causal relationships (Hariton & Locascio, 2018 ; Spieth et al, 2016 ), the design has been critiqued in the psychological and social domains, particularly due to its limitations in clarifying the processes that lead to the evidence that it demonstrates (see American Psychological Association, 2006 ; Bohlin & Sager, 2011 ). The majority of PPIs in the African context evaluate the effect of the implemented interventions mainly by quantitative methodology and with samples predominantly from South Africa who were mostly drawn from urban and educational settings (e.g., Bach & Guse, 2015 ; Pretorius et al, 2008 ; Van Zyl & Rothmann, 2012 ). In Ghana, there is paucity of research that evaluates PPIs in any population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participants’ experiences and impressions of a group-based positive psychology intervention programme for rural adults in Ghana

Appiah

Fadiji

Wissing

et al. 2021

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Introduction : There is growing evidence that group-based mental health intervention programmes can encourage the development of peer support, psychosocial skills, and collaborative therapeutic relationships with longer lasting effects. This study explored participants’ experiences of, perceived benefits of, and recommendations to improve a 10-session group-based multicomponent positive psychology intervention (mPPI)—the Inspired Life Programme (ILP)—designed to promote positive mental health and reduce symptoms of depression and negative affect in a sample of rural Ghanaian adults. Method : Face-to-face semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 18 randomly selected programme participants three months after their participation in the ILP. Data were analysed thematically with an inductive approach. Results : Participants described their experience of the ILP as a forum for growth that granted them the opportunity to introspect, practicalise and situate everyday life challenges, connect with others, and to develop a sense of mutual accountability. Results indicate that the ILP led participants to develop a stronger sense of positivity and well-being, fructify their ideas, and to cultivate stronger social networks and relationships that led to increased vocational productiveness. Participants recommended that researchers include facets of physical health promotion in the programme and invite close relations of participants to participate in the programme. Conclusion : This study provides the first insight into participants’ experiences of a group-based mPPI in Ghana. These findings may provide useful information to inform the design of context-appropriate community-based mental health interventions to fit participants’ specific needs, capacities, and circumstances.

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The Design and Evaluation of a Hope Enhancement Programme for Adults

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Meta-analyses of positive psychology interventions: The effects are much smaller than previously reported

Meta-analyses of positive psychology interventions: The effects are much smaller than previously reported

Effects of a Community‐Based Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention on Mental Health of Rural Adults in Ghana

Participants’ experiences and impressions of a group-based positive psychology intervention programme for rural adults in Ghana

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