The depth-varying response of coastal circulation and water levels to 2D radiation stress when applied in a coupled wave–tide–surge modelling system during an extreme storm

Brown, Jennifer M.; Bolaños, Rodolfo; Wolf, Judith

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.08.009

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Weber et al (2006) estimated that the wave induced stress is about 50 % of the total atmospheric stress for moderate to strong wind. Wolff et al (2011) studied the effects of waves on hydrodynamics; Brown et al (2013) considered the wave effects on the storm surges; and Roland et al (2009) studied wave effects on water level for the Adriatic Sea. The importance of ocean depth and velocity variations for the simulated waves in the estuaries is analysed by Pleskachevsky et al (2011) and Lin and Pierre (2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of wave and circulation models in coastal–ocean predicting systems: a case study for the German Bight

Staneva¹,

Wahle²,

Günther³

et al. 2016

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. This study addresses the impact of coupling between wave and circulation models on the quality of coastal ocean predicting systems. This is exemplified for the German Bight and its coastal area known as the Wadden Sea. The latter is the area between the barrier islands and the coast. This topic reflects the increased interest in operational oceanography to reduce prediction errors of state estimates at coastal scales, which in many cases are due to unresolved non-linear feedback between strong currents and wind waves. In this study we present analysis of wave and hydrographic observations, as well as results of numerical simulations. A nestedgrid modelling system is used to produce reliable nowcasts and short-term forecasts of ocean state variables, including waves and hydrodynamics. The database includes ADCP observations and continuous measurements from data stations. The individual and combined effects of wind, waves and tidal forcing are quantified. The performance of the forecast system is illustrated for the cases of several extreme events. The combined role of wave effects on coastal circulation and sea level are investigated by considering the wavedependent stress and wave breaking parameterization. Also the response, which the circulation exerts on the waves, is tested for the coastal areas. The improved skill of the coupled forecasts compared to the non-coupled ones, in particular during extreme events, justifies the further enhancements of coastal operational systems by including wave effects in circulation models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of wave and circulation models in coastal–ocean predicting systems: a case study for the German Bight

Staneva¹,

Wahle²,

Günther³

et al. 2016

Ocean Sci.

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“…Brown et al, 2013b) and is included in the present analysis. This method applies a vertically uniform stress to the depth-independent velocity component within the POLCOMS, whereas the 3D method applies a vertically-varying stress to the depth-varying velocity component within POLCOMS.…”

Section: Polcomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waves can contribute to the overall storm surge through wave setup induced by the radiation stress (Brown et al, 2013b;Brown and Wolf, 2009;Longuet-Higgins and Stewart, 1964). The total (wave plus meteorological) surge peak ( Figure 2c) correlates with the storm event,…”

Section: Wave Processes Within the Estuarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coupled 2D current-wave models have shown the importance of considering wave effects when modelling water levels due to a hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico and a storm in the Adriatic Sea , and for storm surges in the Irish Sea Brown and Wolf, 2009). Osuna and Wolf (2005) and Wolf et al (2002) studied the effects of waves on the hydrodynamics of the Irish Sea, further work by Brown et al (2013b) studied the effects of 2D radiation stress formulation on a 3D hydrodynamic model showing the benefit of including these processes without compromising computational time. Tang et al (2007) implemented wave-current interaction in a 3D ocean model (POM) and a spectral wave model (WAVEWATCH III) following Jenkins (1987) and evaluated the model by comparison with surface drifters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wave–current interactions in a tide dominated estuary

Bolaños¹,

Brown²,

Souza³

2014

Continental Shelf Research

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There is a need to understand the interactions of waves and currents in the nearshore and estuarine areas. By using observational data and an advanced model an assessment of the wavecurrent interactions was performed in a hypertidal estuary. The circulation model includes both barotropic and baroclinic processes arising from tides, rivers and atmospheric forcing. It is coupled to a spectral wave model and a turbulence model. Waves within the estuary are strongly modulated by the tide. Significant wave height and period are mainly controlled by time-varying water depth, but wave periods are also affected by a Doppler shift produced by the current. The major-axis depth-averaged current component is tidally dominated and wave induced processes do not have a significant effect on it. However, the inclusion of wave effects, in particular 3D radiation stress, improves the depth-averaged minor-axis (transverse) current component. The residual currents show a clear two-layer system, indicating that the baroclinic river influence is the dominant process. The wave effects are second order, but their consideration improves the long-term modelled residual circulation profile, specially the along estuary component. The main improvement appears when a 3-dimensional radiation stress coupling is considered. The 3D version of radiation stress produced better results than the 2D version. Within the estuary, wave setup has little effect on the storm surge, while 2-way wave-current interaction improved the wave simulation. Using a 3D Doppler shift further improved the model compared with using a 2D version.

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“…3c, d), while the model tends to slightly underpredict the magnitude. Standard error metrics (R 2 coefficient of determination as used by Brown et al 2013a; RMS error and mean bias as used by Brown et al 2013b;and the Willmott et al (1985) index of agreement) are presented in Table 1 for both the residual circulation and waves. Further validation within the bay has been performed on the long-term residual circulation (Polton et al 2013).…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Contribution to the Time-Varying Residual Circulation in Tidally Dominated Estuarine Environments

Brown

Bolaños

Souza

2013

Estuaries and Coasts

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In tide-dominated environments, residual circulation is the comparatively weak net flow in addition to the oscillatory tidal current. Understanding the 3D structure of this circulation is of importance for coastal management as it impacts the net (longer term and event-scale) transport of suspended particles and the advection of tracer quantities. The Dee Estuary, northwest Britain, is used to understand which physical processes have an important contribution to the time-varying residual circulation. Model simulations are used to extract the time-varying contributions of tidal, riverine (baroclinicity and discharge), meteorological, external and wave processes, along with their interactions. Under hypertidal conditions, strong semi-diurnal interaction within the residual makes it difficult to clearly see the effect of a process without filtering. An approach to separate the residual into the isolated process contribution and the contribution due to interaction is described. Applying this method to two hypertidal estuarine channels, one tide dominant and one baroclinic dominant, reveals that process interaction can be as important as the sub-tidal residual process contributions themselves. The time variation of the residual circulation highlights the impact of different physical process components at the event scale of tidal conditions (neap and spring cycles) and offshore storms (wind, wave and surge influence). This gives insight into short-term deviation from the typical estuarine residual. Both channels are found to react differently to the same local conditions, with different short-term change in process dominance during events of high and low energy.

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The depth-varying response of coastal circulation and water levels to 2D radiation stress when applied in a coupled wave–tide–surge modelling system during an extreme storm

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Coupling of wave and circulation models in coastal–ocean predicting systems: a case study for the German Bight

Coupling of wave and circulation models in coastal–ocean predicting systems: a case study for the German Bight

Wave–current interactions in a tide dominated estuary

Process Contribution to the Time-Varying Residual Circulation in Tidally Dominated Estuarine Environments

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