The dependence of visual scanning performance on search direction and difficulty

Phillips, Matthew H.

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2008.06.025

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Note that in accordance with this Wnding, Glaser and Slotnick (1995) already demonstrated that visual inspection can have an impact on the illusion extent. On the other hand, new evidence has proposed that saccades along the horizontal axis are faster than along the vertical one (Phillips & Edelman, 2008). Participants were asked to detect the presence of a stimulus displayed among distractors, while eye movements were recorded during searches for vertically and horizontally aligned stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length perception of horizontal and vertical bisected lines

Charras

Lupiáñez

2009

Psychological Research

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In an inverted T figure, the vertical line is largely overestimated (Avery and Day in J Exp Psychol 81:376-380, 1969). This vertical overestimation results from the vertical and bisection biases. Line orientation biases length perception in the sense that the vertical line of a L shape is perceived as longer than the horizontal line of the same physical length. In the inverted T figure, the vertical line is overestimated because of its orientation but also because the horizontal line is bisected. In the current study, we used various two-line configurations to investigate the role of bisection a/symmetry in line length perception and its interaction with the vertical bias. Experiment 1 showed that symmetry and asymmetry of bisection have different consequences on line length perception, as previously shown by Wolfe et al. (Percept Psychophys 67:967-979, 2005). Experiments 2 focused on the relation between the vertical and bisection biases by manipulating orthogonally line orientation and bisection a/symmetry. The results provided evidence that bisection can prevent the manifestation of the vertical bias, so that when the two lines are bisected, vertical lines are not anymore overestimated. These results are discussed in the light of recent findings claiming that saccades could play an essential role in length perception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length perception of horizontal and vertical bisected lines

Charras

Lupiáñez

2009

Psychological Research

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“…9). Longer transitions are indicative of utilising more of the peripheral visual field as guidance for foveal search [18, 42]. We expect longer transitions in horizontal presentations and that masses generate stronger transient onsets in dynamic presentations whereas microcalcification clusters requires a systematic search strategy using shorter transitions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripheral vision guides visual search [14–16] and it has been confirmed in visual search tasks that the perceptual span is larger for horizontal than for vertical searches [17, 18]. Traditionally, wide screen monitors are orientated vertically in radiology reading settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of viewing procedures for interpretation of breast tomosynthesis image volumes: a detection-task study with eye tracking

et al. 2012

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficiency of different methods of reading breast tomosynthesis (BT) image volumes.MethodsAll viewing procedures consisted of free scroll volume browsing and three were combined with initial cine loops at three different frame rates (9, 14 and 25 fps). The presentation modes consisted of vertically and horizontally orientated BT image volumes. Fifty-five normal BT image volumes in mediolateral oblique view were collected. In these, simulated lesions were inserted, creating four unique image sets, one for each viewing procedure. Four observers interpreted the cases in a free-response task. Time efficiency, visual attention and search were investigated using eye tracking.ResultsHorizontally orientated BT image volumes were read faster than vertically when using free scroll browsing only and when combined with fast cine loop. Cine loops at slow frame rates were ruled out as inefficient.ConclusionsIn general, horizontally oriented BT image volumes were read more efficiently. All viewing procedures except for slow frame rates were promising when assuming equivalent detection performance.Key Points• Breast tomosynthesis is increasingly used for breast cancer detection• There is a benefit in reading breast tomosynthesis image volumes presented horizontally• Align image content to visual field, especially for dynamic 3D images• Reading at slow frame rates was considered inefficient

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“…However, recent reports have indicated that more frequent eye movements can also be advantageous, both when peripheral targets are difficult to distinguish from distractors (Boot et al, 2009), and when searching for items in a natural environment (Brennan, Watson, Kingstone, & Enns, 2009). The possibility of a wider attentional window is supported by positive correlations between search efficiency and saccade amplitude for some tasks (Jacobs, 1986;Phillips & Edelman, 2008a, 2008b. However, none of these studies gave participants explicit instructions, as in Smilek, Enns, et al (2006), so it is not clear what generalizations will apply.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking versus seeing: Strategies alter eye movements during visual search

Watson

Brennan

Kingstone

et al. 2010

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Visual search involves the coordination of looking (moving one's gaze to new locations) and seeing (distinguishing targets and nontargets). These two aspects of visual search are distinct from one another because high-acuity vision is possible only in a small region at the center of gaze (the fovea), and only when the eyes are stationary (a fixation). To sample detailed information from an extended scene, the eyes must move abruptly (saccade) from one location to another. In the typical inspection of a scene, this fixation-saccade cycle is repeated 3-4 times/sec.The efficiency of visual search-how rapidly and accurately the target is found-is typically measured by the time that elapses between the first glimpse of a scene and a response indicating target detection. This entails a direct trading relation between seeing and looking: Longer fixations increase information fidelity from each location at the cost of exploring fewer locations, whereas quickly exploring many locations results in reduced fidelity at each one. Studies comparing human oculomotor behavior with an ideal psychophysical observer have indicated that many participants come close to optimizing this trade-off in search (Najemnik & Geisler, 2005.In the present study, we explored the consequences of adopting particular cognitive strategies on this trading relationship. Several studies have shown that participants who are instructed to search passively search more efficiently than those who are instructed to search actively (complete instructions are in the Method section) (Smilek, Dixon, & Merikle, 2006;Smilek, Enns, Eastwood, & Merikle, 2006). Smilek, Enns, et al. (2006) hypothesized that the passive strategy gives automatic processes more influence over spatial attention, whereas the active strategy encourages greater reliance on unnecessary executive processes (cf. Wolfe, Alvarez, & Horowitz, 2000). This interpretation was bolstered by a second experiment in Smilek, Enns, et al. (2006) showing that search was improved when participants performed a simultaneous task that occupied executive processes.In the present study, we asked three broad questions concerning cognitive strategies and eye movements. First, is there any relationship between the two at all? It may be that strategy has no effect on eye movements, in that all of the participants use their eyes to sample information in essentially the same way. If so, the passive advantage found by Smilek, Dixon, and Merikle (2006) and Smilek, Enns, et al. (2006) may be purely cognitive, reflecting differences in the way scene information is processed after the eyes have sampled it.Second, if strategies alter eye movements, which oculomotor measures are affected? We hypothesized that passively instructed searchers will shift their emphasis to looking less and seeing more, spending more time on individual fixations than do active searchers. We also expected differences in other oculomotor behaviors. There are at least two ways one could see more: by expanding the attentional window of each fixation (i...

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The dependence of visual scanning performance on search direction and difficulty

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Length perception of horizontal and vertical bisected lines

Length perception of horizontal and vertical bisected lines

Investigation of viewing procedures for interpretation of breast tomosynthesis image volumes: a detection-task study with eye tracking

Looking versus seeing: Strategies alter eye movements during visual search

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