The Density of Molten Bismuth at High Temperatures

An Experimental Investigation of the Density of Bismuth in the Condensed State in a Wide Temperature Range

“…A number of publications appeared in the literature at the end of the past and beginning of this century, which were devoted to experimental investigation of the density of bismuth in the condensed state in the temperature range from 300 to 1600 K [5,7,[21][22][23][24]. However, no tables of experimental data are given in the majority of these papers [21][22][23][24], and this prevents one from using their results in simultaneous processing, while other studies [5,7] are characterized by a limited temperature level (700-800 K).…”

“…We have previously [4][5][6] measured the density of lead in the condensed state in a wide temperature range. The experiments involved the use of the pycnometer, areometer, and penetrating γ-radiation techniques with a high accuracy (0.1-0.4%) in highly pure samples of metal (>99.99% by mass).…”

“…Analogous investigations for bismuth were started in [5,7], where results are given of measurements of its density in the liquid phase at temperatures of 573-773 K and 552-702 K, respectively. However, because the working areometers and pycnometers [5,7] were made of molybdenum glass, the maximal temperature of these experiments did not exceed 773 K. Therefore, the present study involved new measurements of the density of bismuth in the condensed state in a wide temperature range, including temperatures above 773 K.…”

“…However, because the working areometers and pycnometers [5,7] were made of molybdenum glass, the maximal temperature of these experiments did not exceed 773 K. Therefore, the present study involved new measurements of the density of bismuth in the condensed state in a wide temperature range, including temperatures above 773 K.…”

The density of molten indium at temperatures up to 600 K

“…The measurements were performed by the pycnometer method which was previously used to advantage with lead and bismuth melts and their eutectic alloy [7][8][9]. Indium of Grade In00 by GOST (State Standard) 10297-62 was used in experiments.…”