The density of liquid cesium in the vicinity of the melting point

Алчагиров, Б. Б.; Mozgovoi, A. G.

doi:10.1007/s10740-006-0026-y

High Temp

2006

DOI: 10.1007/s10740-006-0026-y

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The density of liquid cesium in the vicinity of the melting point

Б. Б. Алчагиров

A. G. Mozgovoi

Abstract: The pycnometer method is used to investigate the temperature dependence of the density of molten cesium in the temperature range from 302 to 375 K. The confidence error of the measurement results does not exceed 0.1%. The experimental results are compared with the available literature data.

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Cited by 5 publications

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“…Because the measuring cell in [1] was made of molybdenum glass, the maximal temperature of these experiments could not exceed 750 K. In order to investigate the thermal properties of a liquid Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition at higher temperatures, stainless chrome-nickel steel must be used as the structural material of the working ampoules.At present, the method of γ radiation is used most extensively for measuring the density of metal melts in a wide temperature range. This method was thoroughly developed and described by Stankus and Khairulin, in particular,in [4,5]; in [6], detailed assessment was made of the error of experimental data on the density of liquid metals obtained using this method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It hardly varied in the course of measurements and did not exceed 1×10 -3 % by mass. This is described in more detail in [1].The content of gas impurities in highly pure lead and bismuth of which the lead-bismuth eutectic was prepared is not regulated by state standards. However, according to the manufacturer of these low-melting metals, the overall content of gas impurities in each of the metals did not exceed 1×10 -3 % by mass.…”

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It hardly varied in the course of measurements and did not exceed 1×10 -3 % by mass. This is described in more detail in [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously [1], the density of a molten lead-bismuth eutectic was investigated in the range from the melting point of 398.1 K [2] to 726 K. These measurements were performed by the pycnometer method in an experimental facility described in detail in [3]. Because the measuring cell in [1] was made of molybdenum glass, the maximal temperature of these experiments could not exceed 750 K. In order to investigate the thermal properties of a liquid Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition at higher temperatures, stainless chrome-nickel steel must be used as the structural material of the working ampoules.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The density of a liquid Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition at temperatures up to 700 K

et al. 2004

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Previously [1], the density of a molten lead-bismuth eutectic was investigated in the range from the melting point of 398.1 K [2] to 726 K. These measurements were performed by the pycnometer method in an experimental facility described in detail in [3]. Because the measuring cell in [1] was made of molybdenum glass, the maximal temperature of these experiments could not exceed 750 K. In order to investigate the thermal properties of a liquid Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition at higher temperatures, stainless chrome-nickel steel must be used as the structural material of the working ampoules.At present, the method of γ radiation is used most extensively for measuring the density of metal melts in a wide temperature range. This method was thoroughly developed and described by Stankus and Khairulin, in particular,in [4,5]; in [6], detailed assessment was made of the error of experimental data on the density of liquid metals obtained using this method.Therefore, the method of penetrating γ radiation as interpreted by Stankus [7] was used to investigate the density of molten lead-bismuth eutectic at high temperatures. The working ampoule was made of 12Kh18N10T (chrome-nickel-titanium) stainless steel, and the temperature of the melt in the ampoule was measured by a PP-1 Pt-Pt/Rh thermocouple calibrated by the method of comparison with a standard Pt-Pt + 10%Rh thermocouple. A 137 Cs isotope with an activity of ~2.5×10 11 Bq was used as the radiation source.The Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition to be investigated was supplied by the Leipunskii Institute of Energy Physics. It was prepared by the weighing method from highly pure lead and bismuth. Its chemical analysis performed by chelatometry revealed the following content of the main components: 44.5% by mass Pb and 55.5% by mass Bi. The error of this analysis did not exceed ±0.2% by mass. The content of metallic impurities in the investigated alloy was determined by mass spectrometry before and after the experiment. It hardly varied in the course of measurements and did not exceed 1×10 -3 % by mass. This is described in more detail in [1].The content of gas impurities in highly pure lead and bismuth of which the lead-bismuth eutectic was prepared is not regulated by state standards. However, according to the manufacturer of these low-melting metals, the overall content of gas impurities in each of the metals did not exceed 1×10 -3 % by mass.The calculation results showed the correction to density in the presence of the above-identified amounts of metallic and gas impurities to be one or two orders of magnitude less than the error of basic measurements.The investigation of the density of a Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition in the liquid state was performed in the temperature range from 404 to 678 K. The measurements were performed with increasing temperature. In so doing, the rate of the melt temperature rise during transition from one temperature level (mode) to another was maintained equal to 1 K/min. HIGH TEMPERATURE Vol. 42 No. 6 2004 1000 STANKUS, KHAIRU...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It hardly varied in the course of measurements and did not exceed 1×10 -3 % by mass. This is described in more detail in [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The density of a liquid Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition at temperatures up to 700 K

et al. 2004

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The density of molten indium at temperatures up to 600 K

2004

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The density of a liquid-metal heat-transfer agent on the basis of lead-bismuth eutectic at high temperatures

et al. 2006

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Results of experimental investigation of the density of eutectic of a binary Pb-Bi system in the condensed state in a wide temperature range were given previously in [1][2][3]. The density of this alloy in the solid phase in the range from room temperature to the melting point was determined, as well as its melting temperature, the variation (jump) of density in melting, and the density of liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at temperatures up to 740 K. In [4], the upper temperature level of measurements of the density of eutectic lead-bismuth alloy in the liquid phase was raised to 970 K; finally, this level was raised in this study to 1225 K.The experiments were performed using the same method of penetrating γ-radiation and with the same samples of lead-bismuth eutectic of the same composition (44.6% by mass Pb + 55.4% by mass Bi) as those in [1][2][3]. This procedure for the investigation of the density of metals and their alloys in the condensed phase was described in [5] using bismuth as an example.Two series of measurements of the density of liquid eutectic of Pb-Bi system were performed: one series under conditions of increasing temperature and the other series under conditions of decreasing temperature. The results of these measurements at temperatures from 401 to 1225 K are given in Table 1. The temperature is given in this table by the 1990 International Temperature Scale (see, for example, [6]).The confidence error of the experimental data, which combined the systematic and random components, was calculated by the standard procedure [7] and turned out to be 0.3% at temperatures up to 1000 K and 0.4% at higher temperatures.At first, the results of each series of measurements were processed separately of each other by the least squares method. The approximating equation was provided by a polynomial of the form ,(where ρ is the density of investigated metal melt, kg/m 3 ; T is the absolute temperature, K; and a 0 and a 1 are independent parameters. The coefficients of these equations for the first and second series of experi-600 800 1000 1200 T, K -0.2 0 0.2 (ρ eq2 -ρ eq1 )/ρ eq1 , % Fig. 1. Comparison of the results of measurements of the first and second series: (1) corridor of the mean-square error of calculation data of the first series, (2) of the second series. ρ a 0 a 1 T + =

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The density of liquid cesium in the vicinity of the melting point

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

The density of a liquid Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition at temperatures up to 700 K

The density of a liquid Pb-Bi alloy of eutectic composition at temperatures up to 700 K

The density of molten indium at temperatures up to 600 K

The density of a liquid-metal heat-transfer agent on the basis of lead-bismuth eutectic at high temperatures

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