The density of aqueous solutions of lithium bromide at high temperatures and concentrations

Stankus, S. V.; Khairulin, R. A.; Gruzdev, V. A.; Verba, O. I.

doi:10.1134/s0018151x07030212

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…SHE. The final discharge product in the high power mode is LiBr, which has extraordinary solubility of about 18.4 mol per kg of water at 25 o C. 38,39 The theoretical specific energy based on the solubility limit of LiBr is 791.5 Wh/kg, whose practical packlevel specific energy, estimated as ¼ of the theoretical value, could make ~200Wh/kg, superior to many existing systems, 33 e.g. LiFePO 4 , as can be seen from Fig 1c. …”

Section: High Power Modementioning

confidence: 99%

A dual-mode rechargeable lithium–bromine/oxygen fuel cell

2015

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ARTICLEIn order to meet the versatile power requirements of the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), we propose a rechargeable lithium-bromine/seawater fuel cell with a protected lithium metal anode to provide high specific energy at either low-power mode with seawater (oxygen) or high-power mode with bromine catholytes. The proof-of-concept fuel cell with a flat catalyst-free graphite electrode can discharge at 3mW/cm 2 with seawater, and 9mW/cm 2 with dilute bromine catholytes. The fuel cell can also be recharged with LiBr catholytes efficiently to recover the lithium metal anode. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal that both the organic electrolye and the bromine electrolyte corrode the solid electrolyte plate quickly, leading to nanoporous pathways that can percolate through the plate, thus limiting the cell performance and lifetime. With improved solid electrolytes or membraneless flow designs, the dual-mode lithium-bromine/oxygen system could enable not only AUV but also land-based electric vehicles, by providing a critical high-power mode to high-energy-density (but otherwise low-power) lithium-air batteries.Broader context: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) have important potential applications in energy and environmental science, such as ocean monitoring for climate analysis, marine animal observation, undersea oil platform and pipeline inspection, and remote surveillance of submerged structures, bridges, ships, and harbours. Seawater-based fuel cells for AUV are attractive for long-time missions, but have low power, below the needs of communication and propulsion, while Li-ion batteries offer higher power for short times (<1 hour). This paper presents a rechargeable dual-mode lithium-oxygen/bromine fuel cell capable of running on seawater at low power with bromine injected on demand for higher power, analogous to nitrous oxide fuel injection in race cars with traditional internal combustion engines. Besides AUV, this dual-mode concept could also be an enabling technology for land-based electric vehicles, by providing high-power operation to lithium-air batteries, whose high energy densities are otherwise compromised by low power.

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Section: High Power Modementioning

confidence: 99%

A dual-mode rechargeable lithium–bromine/oxygen fuel cell

2015

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“…The experimental mass density ρ of aqueous LiBr has been determined at a series of temperatures and compositions . An empirical equation fit to these data gives estimates of ρ = 1.57 and 1.17 g/cm 3 at LiBr mass percentages of 52.3 (system SHC) and 20.0 (system SLC), respectively, and T = 300 K. In Figure , we show the mass density profile from our simulations, as a function of the z position in the slab with respect to the interface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Influence of Lithium Bromide on the Structure of the Aqueous Solution–Air Interface

2019

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We present the results of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the solution–air interface of aqueous lithium bromide (LiBr). We find that, in agreement with the experimental data and previous simulation results with empirical polarizable force field models, Br – anions prefer to accumulate just below the first molecular water layer near the interface, whereas Li + cations remain deeply buried several molecular layers from the interface, even at very high concentration. The separation of ions has a profound effect on the average orientation of water molecules in the vicinity of the interface. We also find that the hydration number of Li + cations in the center of the slab N c,Li + –H 2 O ≈ 4.7 ± 0.3, regardless of the salt concentration. This estimate is consistent with the recent experimental neutron scattering data, confirming that results from nonpolarizable empirical models, which consistently predict tetrahedral coordination of Li + to four solvent molecules, are incorrect. Consequently, disruption of the hydrogen bond network caused by Li + may be overestimated in nonpolarizable empirical models. Overall, our results suggest that empirical models, in particular nonpolarizable models, may not capture all of the properties of the solution–air interface necessary to fully understand the interfacial chemistry.

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“…[55] at T = 298.12 K; filled yellow diamond, Ref. [56]; open diamond, Ref. [57]; filled purple diamond, Ref.…”

Section: Density and Dynamic Viscosity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at T = 298.13 K; filled blue diamond, Ref [55]. at T = 298.12 K; filled yellow diamond, Ref [56][57]…”

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confidence: 99%

Vapor Pressure and Physicochemical Properties of {LiBr + IL-Based Additive + Water} Mixtures: Experimental Data and COSMO-RS Predictions

2021

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In recent years, many compounds have been proposed as additives to conventional working fluids to improve the performance of the absorption refrigeration system. The main aim of this research is to show the influence of ionic liquid based additives on thermodynamic and physicochemical properties of {LiBr + water} solutions. The following additives: 3-(1-methyl-morpholinium)propane-1-sulfonate, N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide, and N,N,N-tri(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-N-methylammonium bromide have been added to aqueous lithium bromide solutions (IL to LiBr mass fraction, w2 = 0.3). The physicochemical and thermodynamic properties of {LiBr (1) + additive (2) + water (3)} and {LiBr + water} systems including (vapor + liquid) phase equilibria (VLE), density (ρ) and dynamic viscosity (η) were determined over wide temperature and composition ranges. The conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used for the VLE data prediction. For the density and dynamic viscosity correlations, empirical equations were applied. A comparison of experimental data for {LiBr + additive + water} with those for {LiBr + water} systems shows the influence of using the additives proposed in this work. The data presented are complementary to the current state of knowledge in this area and provide directions for future research.

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The density of aqueous solutions of lithium bromide at high temperatures and concentrations

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

A dual-mode rechargeable lithium–bromine/oxygen fuel cell

A dual-mode rechargeable lithium–bromine/oxygen fuel cell

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Influence of Lithium Bromide on the Structure of the Aqueous Solution–Air Interface

Vapor Pressure and Physicochemical Properties of {LiBr + IL-Based Additive + Water} Mixtures: Experimental Data and COSMO-RS Predictions

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