The densification behavior of metals and alloys during spark plasma sintering: A mini-review

Abstract

As of today, metals and alloys are widely utilized as structural, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic materials in every aspect of technology and industry. The complexity and diversity of metals applications emphasize the need for a new production method to quickly and easily manufacture metallic components. Spark plasma sintering as a new solidstate sintering method has been recently developed to respond to these needs. Up to now, numerous papers and researches have been published in the field of spark plasma sintering and its ability to manufacture metallic samples. Density is a significant property that has a great influence on the physical, mechanical, and functional properties of metallic parts. To the best of our knowledge, there is no concrete paper that reviews the densification behavior of metals and alloys during spark plasma sintering and the effect of its parameters on the density of metallic samples. As a result, this article dedicated to addressing this need. In this mini-review, after a short description of spark plasma sintering method, the effects of each sintering parameters on densification behavior of metals and alloys are studied, and possible physical and microstructural factors which have the effect of densification behavior of metallic samples at various sintering conditions are reviewed. Finally, the recent advances in finite element modeling, which study the temperature and stress inhomogeneity in the SPS process, have been reviewed in this paper.

Ceramic particles reinforced copper matrix composites manufactured by advanced powder metallurgy: preparation, performance, and mechanisms

“…It is well known that different densification mechanisms (e.g. plasticity and creep flow) could directly affect the compactness of powder compacts in the sintering process [29,54,55]. During SPS, Joule heating is formed by the conduction of electric current through metals, which results in local vaporization and powder cleaning.…”

Application of U-FAST Technology in Sintering of Submicron WC-Co Carbides

“…Use of this material is not accidental, as graphite has very good thermal and electrical conductivity. The direct current pulses used in this method reach currents of up to 10 kA [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The duration of such a pulse ranges from a few to several hundred milliseconds.…”

Process Optimization of In Situ Magnetic-Anisotropy Spark Plasma Sintering of M-Type-Based Barium Hexaferrite BaFe12O19

“…In contrast to traditional sintering methods such as hot press (HP) or hot isostatic press (HP), spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a relatively new sintering process for the densification of various ceramic or metallic systems at a low sintering temperature and a very short sintering time [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. SPS-compacted M-type barium-based hexaferrite bulk magnets have previously been published, but all samples showed only magnetically isotropic behavior [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”