The Delay Hypothesis: The Manifestation of Media Effects Over Time

Jensen, Jakob D.; Bernat, Jennifer K.; Wilson, Kari; Goonewardene, Julie

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2011.01415.x

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Alternatively, because work suggests that false evidence from fiction can displace factual knowledge (Marsh et al, 2003;Marsh & Fazio, 2006), we might expect fiction to have longer-lasting effects. At least two recent studies show that fictional media can have what Hovland, Lumsdaine, and Sheffield (1949) called a sleeper effect, where the effects of fiction on beliefs actually increase over time (Appel & Richter, 2007), even when the information is false and perceived realism is low (Jensen, Bernat, Wilson, & Goonewardene, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of Fictional Media for Political Beliefs

Mulligan

Habel

2012

American Politics Research

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Most research on media effects in political science deals with the news media or political campaigns. While some recent work looks at the effects of soft news on beliefs and opinions, little attention has been paid to the potential consequences of media that are fictional. Although viewers typically watch fiction for entertainment, the themes, plots, and dialogue may nevertheless influence their thoughts about politics. This paper examines the effects of fiction on political beliefs. We do this in the context of an experimental design, where subjects in the treatment group watched the outlandish movie, Wag the Dog. The results show that those who watched the film were more likely to believe in a far-fetched conspiracy, namely that the U.S. government has and will fabricate a war for political gain. The findings stretch the boundaries of fictional influence by focusing on extreme, conspiratorial beliefs. We suggest that political science and communications scholars should focus greater attention on the implications of fiction for beliefs and attitudes, as the consequences can be perverse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of Fictional Media for Political Beliefs

Mulligan

Habel

2012

American Politics Research

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“…That is until the recent rise in use of digital advertising channels. Post 1970s, the sleeper effect was cited as an interesting theory or persuasive effect in advertising (Eisend and Langner 2010;Lariscey and Tinkham 1999) and other mass communication channels (Jensen et al 2011). The sleeper effect has also been used to describe attitude changes over time (Maehle and Supphellen 2013), rather than the classical sleeper effect of an increase in attitudes when a message is accompanied by a discounting cue.…”

Section: Criticisms Of the Sleeper Effect And Sleeper Effect Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These logical conditions offer more stringent guidelines for sleeper effect claims (Jensen et al 2011). Figure 1 illustrates three possible effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, some notable exceptions used the sleeper effect to explain advertising phenomena during this period (Hutchinson and Moore 1984;Mazursky and Schul 1988;Lariscey and Tinkham 1999). More recently, some research considered the persuasive impact of the sleeper effect through entertaining messages and fictional narratives/drama (Appel and Richter 2007;Jensen et al 2011). Given today's shifting advertising environment, a replication of the sleeper effect and re-enquiry into the conditions in which it is likely to occur is warranted.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Redressing the Sleeper Effect: Evidence for the Favorable Persuasive Impact of Discounting Information Over Time in a Contemporary Advertising Context

Foos

Keeling

2015

Journal of Advertising

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(2016) Redressing the sleeper effect: evidence for the favorable persuasive impact of discounting information over time in a contemporary advertising context. Journal of Advertising Research, 45 (1). pp. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/68656/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Addressing these aims contribute to clarifying theoretical disagreement over the logical conditions necessary to produce the sleeper effect and implications for practitioners by bringing understanding to attitude change and persistence over time. The background and hypotheses development expands on the current state of sleeper effect research in advertising, followed by an experimental study and discussion of its implications for the sleeper effect. REDRESSING THE SLEEPER EFFECT: EVIDENCE FOR THE FAVORABLE PERSUASIVE IMPACT OF DISCOUNTING INFORMATION OVER TIME IN BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES

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“…Such persuasive effects have been demonstrated for information that was central to the theme of a story (e.g., a dangerous psychiatric patient; Green & Brock, 2000) and for peripheral details that are not of particular relevance to the causal chain of events (e.g., Prentice, Gerrig, & Bailis, 1997;Wheeler, Green, & Brock, 1999; for an overview, see Green & Donahue, 2009), and they seem to be long-lasting (Appel, 2008;Appel & Richter, 2007;Jensen, Bernat, Wilson, & Goonwardene, 2011). For explaining the persuasive impact of stories, several theoretical models have been proposed which start from the idea that the comprehension of narratives can involve the experience of being transported into the narrative (Gerrig, 1993;Green & Brock, 2000.…”

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confidence: 99%