The dehiscence process in Panax ginseng seeds and the stigmasterol biosynthesis pathway in terms of metabolomics

Min, Jung Eun; Long, Nguyen Phuoc; Hong, Ji Yeon; Kim, Sun Jo; Anh, Nguyễn Hoàng; Wang, Xiao; Park, Jeong Hill; Kwon, Sung Won; Lee, Seul Ji

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2021.06.005

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…In this study, We discussed the active components, potential targets and approaches of HQC in the treatment of AS, and further studied its molecular mechanism. Stigmasterol is the common active ingredient of Scutellariae Radix, Persicae Semen, Radix Clematidis, and Gardeniae Fructus, which can regulate in ammatory factors [ 15][16] [17] . Kaempferol is the active ingredient of Scutellariae Radix, and it can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit cell apoptosis and in ammatory response[ 18] [19][20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Mining and Network Pharmacology-Based Exploration of the Mechanism of Action of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule in Improving Immune Inflammation of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Xin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective. The goal of this research was to probe the mechanism of Huangqin Qingre Chubi(HQC) in the improvement of immune inflammation of Ankylosing spondylitis(AS). Methods. Clinical data mining was implemented to assess the efficacy of HQC in AS therapy. The target network of HQC active ingredients for AS therapy was established by network pharmacology. The relationships between HQC active ingredients and major objectives of AS were forecasted by molecular docking technology. Finally, Cytological tests were performed for the evaluation of the effects of the drugs on the core targets. Results. Clinical data mining indicated that HQC was highly related to the improvement of immunoinflammatory markers.Network pharmacology results demonstrated that the main targets of HQC, including Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG),Prostaglandin G synthase 2(PTGS2), recombinant catalase(CAT), Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8(CXCL8), and Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGFA), were closely associated with the signaling pathways of IL-17, NF-kappa B, TNF, T cell receptor, and Th1, and Th2 cell differentiation in AS therapy. In the molecular docking analysis of the HQC active components, 70% of the binding energy was under -4.25 kcal/mol, and 53% of the binding energy was no more than -5.0 kcal/mol, of which the binding energy of stigmasterol with PPARG, CXCL8, and CAT were under -7.50 kcal/mol, implying that the chemically active ingredients of HQC formula have good binding activity against inflammatory targets. In vitro cell experiment results suggested that HQC down-regulated the expression of PTGS2, and up-regulated the expression of PPARG and CAT. Conclusion. HQC exerts functions in improving the immune inflammatory indicators in patients with AS for the reason that the active ingredient of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in HQC act through oxygen species, oxidative stress, transcription factors, and apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Mining and Network Pharmacology-Based Exploration of the Mechanism of Action of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule in Improving Immune Inflammation of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Xin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…PLS-DA and linear SVM are the two commonly used algorithms in metabolomics. We checked the performance of PLS-DA and SVM regarding the classification between PVV and PVF [ 21 ]. All analyses were implemented in MetaboAnalyst 5.0 [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for the Differentiation between Panax vietnamensis var. vietnamensis and Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus

Nguyen,

Phan,

Huynh

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Panax vietnamensis var. vietnamensis (PVV) and Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus (PVF) both belong to Panax vietnamensis species and are chemically and morphologically similar, making it hard to distinguish for the consumer. Herein, 42 PVF and 12 PVV samples were collected in Quang Nam and Lai Chau Province, respectively, and subsequently characterized by ITSr-DNA sequence data to verify their origins. Next, untargeted metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis was developed to differentiate PVV and PVF. The metabolic profiles of PVV and PVF were found to be distinct and classified well using Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) in the training set. Among them, seven ginsenosides were of high abundance in PVV, while six were of high abundance in PVF. Next, the test set was used to validate 13 putative differential markers found in the training set, illustrating a complete match with the expression patterns of these ginsenosides in the training set. Finally, PLS-DA and linear Support Vector Machine models both indicated distinct ginsenoside profiles of PVV and PVF without misclassification in the test set. Conclusively, the developed untargeted metabolomics approach might serve as a powerful tool for the authentication of PVV and PVF at the metabolome level.

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“…Arabidopsis mutants have shown an accumulation of squalene, indicating the block in terpenoid biosynthesis (Rasbery et al 2007 ). Likewise, a recent metabolomic study in ginseng seeds between non-dehiscence and dehiscence seeds shows the upregulation of squalene and phytosterol (stigmasterol branch) biosynthesis pathway (Min et al 2022 ). These studies suggest that the squalene dynamics and composition of phytosterols could facilitate the germination of seeds.…”

Section: Genes Involved In Ginsenoside Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 95%

Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

2023

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Panax ginseng is a medicinal plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. Ginseng is known as the king of oriental medicine, which has been practiced since ancient times in East Asian countries and globally in the modern era. Ginseng is used as an adaptogen, and research shows that it has several pharmacological benefits for various ailments such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, and neurological symptoms. The pharmacological benefits of ginseng are attributed to the triterpenoid saponin ginsenosides found throughout the Panax ginseng species, which are abundant in its root and are found exclusively in P. ginseng and Panax quinquefolius . Recently, with the completion of the entire ginseng genome sequencing and the construction of the ginseng genome database, it has become possible to access information about many genes newly predicted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. This review briefly summarizes the current progress in ginseng genome analysis and genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, proposing directions for functional studies of the predicted genes related to ginsenoside production and its regulation.

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The dehiscence process in Panax ginseng seeds and the stigmasterol biosynthesis pathway in terms of metabolomics

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Data Mining and Network Pharmacology-Based Exploration of the Mechanism of Action of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule in Improving Immune Inflammation of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Data Mining and Network Pharmacology-Based Exploration of the Mechanism of Action of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule in Improving Immune Inflammation of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for the Differentiation between Panax vietnamensis var. vietnamensis and Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus

Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

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