Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

Mohanan, Padmanaban; Yang, Tae-Jin; Song, Young Hun

doi:10.1007/s12374-023-09384-7

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The genus of Panax belongs to the Araliaceae family, which has 17 species of the P. genus, including P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, etc [1]. Most members of this genus have medicinal properties and more than 150 ginsenosides have been identified and classified according to their structures, which can be divided into damarane, oktylon and oleanolic acid types [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Transformation of Total Saponins from Panax notoginseng Flower by the Fungus<em> Talaromyces flavus</em>

Li,

Liang,

Lin

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine, and saponins are its main active ingredients. The content of saponins in flower of P. notoginseng is the highest in the whole plant. Minor ginsenosides have stronger pharmacological activity than main ginsenosides, but its content in nature is very low. We can use extracted total saponins from P. notoginseng flower as the substrate to produce minor ginsenosides by biotransformation method. In this study, we used the fungus Talaromyces flavus and its crude enzymes to transform the extracted total saponins of P. notoginseng flower. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the transformation substrates and products, it was found that minor ginsenosides Gyp-XVII, ginsenosides C-Mc1, C-Mx1, F2, Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5 were found in the products and the conversion rate of the major saponins in P. notoginseng flower ranged from 44.16 to 55.22%, the yields of the minor ginsenosides ranged from 0.05 to 3.24%. This study provided a good experimental idea, greatly increased the utilization rate of total saponins in P. notoginseng flower, and laid a foundation for promoting the wide application of minor saponins.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Transformation of Total Saponins from Panax notoginseng Flower by the Fungus<em> Talaromyces flavus</em>

Li,

Liang,

Lin

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ginsenosides are major components of Panax species, which have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Over 150 kinds of natural ginsenosides have been isolated and identified [ 1 , 2 ]. Natural ginsenosides contain glycosyl groups at the C3-OH and/or C20-OH positions of protopanaxadiol (PPD) or at the C6-OH and/or C20-OH positions of protopanaxatriol (PPT), while the glycosylation of dammarenediol-II (DM) at the C3-OH and/or C20-OH positions and the glycosylation of PPD and/or PPT at the C12-OH position lead to the formation of a variety of unnatural ginsenosides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of a Novel Protopanaxatriol-Type Ginsenoside by Yeast Cell Factories

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ginsenosides, the main active compounds in Panax species, are glycosides of protopanaxadiol (PPD) or protopanaxatriol (PPT). PPT-type ginsenosides have unique pharmacological activities on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. As an unnatural ginsenoside, 3,12-Di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-dammar-24-ene-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (3β,12β-Di-O-Glc-PPT) can be synthesized through enzymatic reactions but is limited by the expensive substrates and low catalytic efficiency. In the present study, we successfully produced 3β,12β-Di-O-Glc-PPT in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a titer of 7.0 mg/L by expressing protopanaxatriol synthase (PPTS) from Panax ginseng and UGT109A1 from Bacillus subtilis in PPD-producing yeast. Then, we modified this engineered strain by replacing UGT109A1 with its mutant UGT109A1-K73A, overexpressing the cytochrome P450 reductase ATR2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and the key enzymes of UDP-glucose biosynthesis to increase the production of 3β,12β-Di-O-Glc-PPT, although these strategies did not show any positive effect on the yield of 3β,12β-Di-O-Glc-PPT. However, the unnatural ginsenoside 3β,12β-Di-O-Glc-PPT was produced in this study by constructing its biosynthetic pathway in yeast. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of producing 3β,12β-Di-O-Glc-PPT through yeast cell factories. Our work provides a viable route for the production of 3β,12β-Di-O-Glc-PPT, which lays a foundation for drug research and development.

show abstract

“…Ginsenosides can be divided into two categories according to their glycosidic skeletons, dammarane and oleanolic ginsenosides. The protopanaxadiol ginsenosides (PPD) and the protopanaxatriol ginsenosides (PPT) belonged to dammarane ginsenosides, and Ro belonged to oleanolic ginsenosides [3]. To date, nearly 200 ginsenosides have been reported; some of them are considered as major ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Culture Times Genes Expression on Ginsenoside Biosynthesis of the Ginseng Adventitious Roots in Panax ginseng

Chen

Li²,

Zheng³

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Panax ginseng is an ancient and very potent herb, which has a long history of medicinal use, and recent studies have shown that ginsenosides are the main active substances in its pharmacological effects. However, the saponin content of wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng can hardly meet the market supply, and the ginseng adventitious root suspension culture technology can produce ginsenosides in a targeted manner. The length of culture time is an important factor affecting the growth and development of plants and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. After transcriptome sequencing of ginseng adventitious root material at different culture times, the results showed that a total of 5784 differentially expressed genes were screened, which contained 239 transcription factors. KEGG analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. A proposed temporal analysis of differentially expressed genes among the two groups distributed the differentially expressed genes under nine clusters, and the differentially expressed genes under different clusters had the same expression trends, indicating that these genes can be jointly involved in specific biological processes. Extraction of ginsenosides from ginseng adventitious roots using water-saturated n-butanol and detection of ginsenoside content by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed a significant increase in total saponins and protopanaxadiol ginsenosides (particularly significant for ginsenosides Rd and Rb1), an increase in bioaccumulation of some protopanaxatriol ginsenosides, and a decrease in some protopanaxatriol ginsenosides (S-Rh1, R-Rg3, and Rf) saponin content decreased. We also found seven genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and that the changes in these genes’ expression may be related to the accumulation of ginsenosides.

show abstract

Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 81 publications

Microbial Transformation of Total Saponins from Panax notoginseng Flower by the Fungus<em> Talaromyces flavus</em>

Microbial Transformation of Total Saponins from Panax notoginseng Flower by the Fungus<em> Talaromyces flavus</em>

Production of a Novel Protopanaxatriol-Type Ginsenoside by Yeast Cell Factories

Effects of Different Culture Times Genes Expression on Ginsenoside Biosynthesis of the Ginseng Adventitious Roots in Panax ginseng

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About