The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: experimental design for model simulations of the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM (version 1.0)

Lunt, Daniel J.; Huber, Matthew; Anagnostou, Eleni; Baatsen, Michiel; Caballero, Rodrigo; Deconto, R. M.; Dijkstra, Henk A.; Donnadieu, Yannick; Evans, David; Feng, Ran; Foster, Gavin L.; Gasson, E.; Heydt, Anna S. von der; Hollis, Christopher J.; Inglis, Gordon N.; Jones, S. M.; Kiehl, J.; Turner, S. Kirtland; Korty, Robert; Kozdon, Reinhardt; Krishnan, Srinath; Ladant, Jean-Baptiste; Langebroek, Petra; Lear, Caroline H; LeGrande, Allegra N.; Littler, Kate; Markwick, Paul J.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Pearson, Paul Nicholas; Poulsen, Christopher J.; Salzmann, Ulrich; Shields, Christine A.; Snell, Kathryn E.; Stärz, Michael; Super, J. R.; Tabor, Clay; Tierney, Jessica E.; Tourte, Gregory J. L.; Tripati, Aradhna; Upchurch, Garland R.; Wade, Bridget S.; Wing, Scott L.; Winguth, Arne; Wright, Nicky M.; Zachos, James C; Zeebe, Richard E.

doi:10.5194/gmd-10-889-2017

Cited by 119 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…Villa et al, 2013;Houben et al, 2013), to provide further evidence for temperature ranges or relative changes where or when quan-titative data might be sparse. For example, the dinoflagellate species S. antarctica broadly suggests colder temperatures with higher abundance, while its presence suggests mean annual SSTs <10 • C (Zonneveld et al, 2013), even if the spatial integration of microfossils is taken into account (Nooteboom et al, 2019).…”

Section: Data Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere through the Eocene–Oligocene transition: a model–data comparison

et al. 2020

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The global and regional climate changed dramatically with the expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet at the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT). These large-scale changes are generally linked to declining atmospheric pCO 2 levels and/or changes in Southern Ocean gateways such as the Drake Passage around this time. To better understand the Southern Hemisphere regional climatic changes and the impact of glaciation on the Earth's oceans and atmosphere at the EOT, we compiled a database of 10 ocean and 4 landsurface temperature reconstructions from a range of proxy records and compared this with a series of fully coupled, low-resolution climate model simulations from two models (HadCM3BL and FOAM). Regional patterns in the proxy records of temperature show that cooling across the EOT was less at high latitudes and greater at mid-latitudes. While certain climate model simulations show moderate-good performance at recreating the temperature patterns shown in the data before and after the EOT, in general the model simulations do not capture the absolute latitudinal temperature gradient shown by the data, being too cold, particularly at high latitudes. When taking into account the absolute temperature before and after the EOT, as well as the change in temperature across it, simulations with a closed Drake Passage before and after the EOT or with an opening of the Drake Passage across the EOT perform poorly, whereas simulations with a drop in atmospheric pCO 2 in combination with ice growth generally perform better. This provides further sup-port for previous research that changes in atmospheric pCO 2 are more likely to have been the driver of the EOT climatic changes, as opposed to the opening of the Drake Passage.www.clim-past.net/16/555/2020/

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Section: Data Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere through the Eocene–Oligocene transition: a model–data comparison

et al. 2020

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“…We conclude by emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to interpreting proxy records that includes multiple environmental proxies and climate models. While multiproxy and model synthesis efforts, such as DeepMIP (Lunt et al, ), are a necessary next step to further our understanding of deep time climate, we demonstrate here that a modeling approach that features reduced complexity is valuable for deriving first‐order understandings of large‐scale dynamic changes in the past (Held, ). Our findings provide a dynamical explanation for seemingly contradictory land and ocean temperature changes as well as urge caution when interpreting spatially limited data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Responses to the Splitting of a Supercontinent: Implications for the Breakup of Pangea

Tabor

Feng

Otto‐Bliesner

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Reconstructing deep time climate often relies on a limited number of data points, which can hinder inference of the large‐scale climate state. Here we use an Earth system model with idealized boundary conditions to simulate climate responses to paleogeographic changes associated with the breakup of a supercontinent. After the supercontinent splits, weaker tropical easterlies occur in the larger ocean basin, which dampens the Walker circulation and warms the equatorial ocean through reduced upwelling. Additionally, cloud formation increases across the midlatitude ocean, causing locally cooler sea surface temperatures. Over land, there is dramatic tropical cooling post breakup due to enhanced moisture and cloud formation. Consequently, the latitudinal temperature gradient responses over land and ocean oppose each other, which makes inferring large scale climate changes from spatially spare proxy records particularly challenging in this scenario. Our findings emphasize the tight coupling between geography and planetary scale climate dynamics in the tropics and subtropics.

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“…In order to mitigate negative concentrations in biogeochemically active species, our simulations also used the MPDATA (multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm) tracer advection solution (Smolarkiewicz, 1983;Smolarkiewicz & Margolin, 1998). A more detailed description of the model's specifications is included in the supporting information, with additional references to Barnier et al (1995), Ben-Yaakov and Goldhaber (1973), van Heuven et al (2011), Lunt et al (2017, Penven et al (2008), Slingerland andTyrrell &Zeebe (2004).…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in the North Atlantic: A Shelf‐to‐Basin Analysis With a Regional Ocean Model

Hantsoo

Kump

Haupt

et al. 2018

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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The Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a transient greenhouse climate interval spurred by a large release of carbon to the ocean‐atmosphere approximately 56 million years ago, provides a geological point of comparison for potential effects of anthropogenic carbon emission. Geochemical proxies and fossil assemblages offer insight into the continental shelf response to the PETM, but global ocean‐atmosphere models cannot resolve shelf processes at sufficient resolution for model‐data comparisons. We present high‐resolution simulations of the pre‐PETM and PETM North Atlantic basin using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), including a resolved continental shelf along the eastern margin of North America in the Salisbury Embayment. ROMS' high‐resolution, terrain‐following coordinate system permits greater vertical resolution and eddy resolution along continental margins while also capturing open‐ocean processes. We find that during the PETM, benthic oxygen concentration ([O2]) in the Salisbury Embayment decreases 18% to an average state of year‐round mild hypoxia, while average benthic calcite saturation (Ω) declines from 4.4 to 2.3. These benthic decreases are driven largely by enhanced benthic oxic respiration, which occurs despite no increase in shelf productivity. Instead, increased respiration stems from less vigorous off‐shelf transport of organic matter due to (a) weakened along‐shelf water currents and (b) weakened coastal upwelling that forces productivity closer to the shelf seafloor. Model results do not include riverine inputs, which would have further lowered benthic [O2] and Ω. Our data suggest lowered benthic calcite saturation and mild hypoxia as an upper bound on the oxygenation state of the Salisbury Embayment seafloor during the PETM.

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The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: experimental design for model simulations of the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM (version 1.0)

Cited by 119 publications

References 50 publications

Changes in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere through the Eocene–Oligocene transition: a model–data comparison

Changes in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere through the Eocene–Oligocene transition: a model–data comparison

Climate Responses to the Splitting of a Supercontinent: Implications for the Breakup of Pangea

Tracking the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in the North Atlantic: A Shelf‐to‐Basin Analysis With a Regional Ocean Model

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