The
research on the differential enrichment mechanism of shale
gas under the complex tectonic background is a key problem to be solved
currently. The southern Sichuan Basin is taken as the research object,
and the geochemical experiment, overburden porosity and permeability
experiments, direction test of a ground stress experiment, and seismic
interpretation method are used to clarify the structural deformation
characteristics and fault characteristics under different structural
styles and structural parts and summarize the differences of shale
gas preservation critical conditions in different structural units.
The results show that (1) the fracture level controls the boundary
and scale of shale gas reservoirs. The primary/secondary faults within
3 km greatly influence shale gas reservoirs, and the complex combination
of fault systems will cause obvious indigenous damage to shale gas
reservoirs. (2) The angle between the fault strike and the direction
of the maximum principal stress determines the sealing of the fault,
and the angle greater than 45° can effectively inhibit the loss
of shale gas. (3) The coupling effect of burial depth and dip angle
controls the migration of shale gas along the strata. The greater
the burial depth and the smaller the dip angle, the better the page
sealing and preservation conditions. Based on the enrichment factors
of shale gas in different tectonic units, three enrichment models
of syncline, anticline, and slope are established, and the enrichment
favorable areas are optimized, which has important guiding significance
for shale gas exploration and development in Sichuan Basin.