The Decline of the License Raj: Indian Software Export Policies

McDowell, Stephen D.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00753.x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Barrera (1995, in this issue), however, suggests that the nature of the state itself is changing. McDowell (1995, in this issue) goes further, presenting India's software policy as evidence that the country is beginning to function like a network state. McDowell identifies these aspects of India's approach to software as network characteristics:…”

Section: Emergence Of the Network Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is abstract and general, however, whereas any real exercise of power by the state is concrete and particular, and must be analyzed as such; thus, the importance of the symposium articles, each of which looks at a particular communication or information policy or set of policies as forms of power within specific nation-states: Sussman (1995) looks at the history of the range of communication policy practices in recent history in the Philippines, Barrera (1995) analyzes telecommunications policy in Mexico, and Jakubowicz (1995) reviews relationships between the media and the state in several Eastern European countries. Mody (1995) and McDowell (1995) both look at India, finding differences in the policy-making histories of, respectively, telecommunications and the software industry. And Sparks (1995) and Bell (1995) both analyze the relationship between public service broadcasting and the state, Sparks doing so from the perspective of an imperial power in decline, and Bell from the point of view of a state historically dependent on that same imperial power.This symposium provides lenses that range in focus from the Sussman (1995) and Jakubowicz (1995) macroviews (for Sussman across media and administrations, for Jakubowicz across states), through studies of policies for specific media within individual states (Barrera, 1995;Bell, 1995;McDowell, 1995;Mody, 1995), to Sparks's (1995) microview of a particular discourse within a specific policy discussion (within an individual state).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mody (1995) and McDowell (1995) both look at India, finding differences in the policy-making histories of, respectively, telecommunications and the software industry. And Sparks (1995) and Bell (1995) both analyze the relationship between public service broadcasting and the state, Sparks doing so from the perspective of an imperial power in decline, and Bell from the point of view of a state historically dependent on that same imperial power.This symposium provides lenses that range in focus from the Sussman (1995) and Jakubowicz (1995) macroviews (for Sussman across media and administrations, for Jakubowicz across states), through studies of policies for specific media within individual states (Barrera, 1995;Bell, 1995;McDowell, 1995;Mody, 1995), to Sparks's (1995) microview of a particular discourse within a specific policy discussion (within an individual state). Almost all of the articles deal with peripheral nation-states; though the Sparks piece is the one exception, the Britain of his article shares with the developing world a concern with movement away from the center.These articles, as discussed below, provide further elaboration of the framework offered here by illuminating particular features of states in the developing world, the emergence of the network state, and tensions between the nation and the state.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This symposium provides lenses that range in focus from the Sussman (1995) and Jakubowicz (1995) macroviews (for Sussman across media and administrations, for Jakubowicz across states), through studies of policies for specific media within individual states (Barrera, 1995;Bell, 1995;McDowell, 1995;Mody, 1995), to Sparks's (1995) microview of a particular discourse within a specific policy discussion (within an individual state). Almost all of the articles deal with peripheral nation-states; though the Sparks piece is the one exception, the Britain of his article shares with the developing world a concern with movement away from the center.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1993) firm, so this type of interdependence on the part of the state is a characteristic of the network state. McDowell (1995) describes encouraging industries through nonmarket means, such ;is building infrastructure, rather than through manipulation of the market, as characteristic of the network state.…”

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Horizons of the State: Information Policy and Power

Braman

1995

Journal of Communication

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Conceptions of the state underlie all information and communication policy,' for the state uses policy as tools of power. This is true whether those conceptions are well or poorly formed, understood or not, explicit or implicit-but, as Bell (1995) points out in this issue, failure to understand the state leads to an inability to analyze policy. Historically, however, policy analysis has tended to treat the state generally as a venue, a justification for particular positions, or one institutional player among many. In the area of communication policy, few policy analysts have attended to the state.In this, the field joined both political science and sociology, which for decades were characterized by "statelessness" as they turned instead towards systems, societies, or classes as their units of analysis. Ironically, attention returned to the state in the m i d -l 9 8 0~,~ at a time when it was widely believed that the state was losing power.Understanding information and communication policy as power is particularly important in today's environment because there has been a qualitative shift in the level of dependence upon information technologies and in the degree to which activities are informational (Braman, 1990(Braman, , 1993. Regulation in this domain has come to dominate political and economic culture. The use of new information technologies permits the state, like other institutions and cultural forms, to evolve; a new form of the state is emerging, specializing in forms of power specific to the environment of the global telecommunications network (the "net").ating the conditions under which future activity (including policy-making) will take place (Braman, 1990). This is critical in an environment oriented towards the two poles of the global and the local and in which boundaries of the state Information policy plays self-reflexive and constitutive roles for the state, cre-' Information policy is defined here as policy relating to any stage of an information production chain that goes from creation through processing and storage to destruction.

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Section: Emergence Of the Network Statementioning

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