The decline in the mortality rates of cervical cancer and a plausible explanation in Shandong, China

Li, Huiqing; Jin, Shi-quan; Xu, Hai-xiu; Thomas, David B.

doi:10.1093/ije/29.3.398

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…These results do not agree with those observed in Shandong, China (1970-1992), 10 and in Spain (1951-1991), 11 as the reduction in mortality rates was related to cohort effect in function of lowered exposure to risk factors related to this type of cancer. This hypothesis is coherent, considering that in China, brothels were closed, prostitution banned and the single child per couple policy instituted.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…Campaigns to combat cervical cancer were regionalized and, in the period studied, only covered a small part of the female population. 10,11 One of the limitations of this study was the quality of information, bearing in mind the large number of deaths classifi ed as "cancer of the uterus, part unspecifi ed", especially in the fi rst years of the series studied. An attempt was made to correct this problem by redistributing these deaths according to the proportion of certifi cates registered for each category by age and year of death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Efeito idade-periodo-coorte na mortalidade por cancer do colo uterino

Meira

Silva

et al. 2013

Rev. Saúde Pública

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efeito idade-periodo-coorte na mortalidade por cancer do colo uterino

Meira

Silva

et al. 2013

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…The substantial reduction of the probability of dying for the cohorts from 1900 to 1954 in Amazonas may be related to the lower exposure of women to risk factors for CC in these cohorts, which reduces incidence and mortality in this group even in the absence of prevention and control measures. This situation is same to that observed in China, Spain, and the United Kingdom before the implementation of national, public, and free CC prevention and control policies [4,57,79].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study

Meira¹,

Magnago²,

Mendonça³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cervical cancer is a public health issue with high disease burden and mortality in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were analyzing age, period, and cohort effects on cervical cancer mortality in women 20 years old or older from 1980 to 2019 in the North, South, and Southeast Regions of Brazil; and evaluating whether the implementation of a national screening program and the expansion of access to public health services caused impacts over the examined period and reduced the risk of death over the past years and among younger cohorts. The effects were estimated by applying Poisson regression models with estimable functions. The highest mortality rate by 100,000 women was found in Amazonas (24.13), and the lowest in São Paulo (10.56). A positive gradient was obtained for death rates as women’s age increased. The states in the most developed regions (South and Southeast) showed a reduction in the risk of death in the period that followed the implementation of the screening program and in cohort from the 1960s onwards. The North Region showed a decreased risk of death only in Amapá (2000–2004) and Tocantins (1995–2004; 2010–2019). The findings indicated that health inequities remain in Brazil and suggested that the health system has limitations regarding decreasing mortality associated with this type of cancer in regions with lower socioeconomic development.

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“…However, as noted in the national mortality data, 15 rates are increasing in young women, under the age of 45. Li et al 46 noted that the changes in mortality rates in Shandong province were birth-cohort related, and suggested that the increased rates among younger women may reflect rapid changes in sexual mores, with increasing high-risk sexual behaviour, and greater prevalence of infection with human papilloma virus and other sexually transmitted agents. 47 The estimated incidence of breast cancer in China in 2000 14 is relatively low, with a ASR of 19.9 per 100,000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Qidong, China, 1978–2002

Chen

Zhu

Parkin

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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A population-based cancer registry was established in Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China, in 1972, and the trends in incidence rates of the major cancer sites have been analyzed for a 25-year period, 1978-2002. Five-year age-specific rates, crude incidence rates, world age-standardized rates (ASR), percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated using annual data on population size, and estimates of its age structure. The indices of histological verification of diagnosis, death certificate only and proportion of mortality to incidence were employed for assessing the registration quality. A total of 51,933 incident cases of cancer were registered in Qidong from years 1978 to 2002, with a maleto-female sex ratio of 1.9:1. Crude incidence increased markedly over the 25-year period (PC and APC of 155.6% and 12.1%, respectively), but ASR showed a slight decrease (20.4% in males, and 20.3% in females), indicating that the major part of this is due to population ageing. The leading cancer sites in rank were liver (average ASR 5 50.8 per 100,000), stomach (26.7), lung (22.7), colon-rectum (8.9), oesophagus (7.4) and breast (5.4). Cancers of liver, lung, colon-rectum and female breast all showed increases in incidence during the study period, with APCs (ASR) of 10.1%, 11.7% and 11.4% for males, and 10.2%, 10.9%, 11.9% and 11.1% for females, while the cancers of stomach (APC: 23.2% in male, and 22.4% in female) and cervix (APC: 24.7%) showed notable declines. Examination of age-specific rates showed declining trends in the younger generations for liver cancer, but increases for cervix cancer. The results underline the increasing importance of cancer as a cause of mortality and morbidity in a population that is ageing and undergoing profound changes in socioeconomic development and lifestyle. The cancers of high lethality that have been common in the Chinese population (liver, stomach, oesophagus) are showing some evidence of decline, at least in younger generations, but they remain major problems. At the same time, the cancers associated with economically ''developed'' societies-lung, colon-rectum and female breastare showing increases. The population-based cancer registry is an indispensable tool for providing data for planning and evaluation of programmes for cancer control in all societies. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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The decline in the mortality rates of cervical cancer and a plausible explanation in Shandong, China

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Efeito idade-periodo-coorte na mortalidade por cancer do colo uterino

Efeito idade-periodo-coorte na mortalidade por cancer do colo uterino

Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Qidong, China, 1978–2002

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