The Debate Regarding Native American Precedents for Democracy: A Recent Historiography

Johansen, Bruce E.; Grinde, Donald A.

doi:10.17953/aicr.14.1.t522108813t51v50

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is a question of how this influence was conveyed and how pervasive it was." 51 The two scholars had been documenting it for fifteen years before a handful of Iroquoian "experts" mounted a backlash attack following the 1987 Cornell University conference. Grinde had already published The Iroquois and the Founding of the American Nation in 1977, and Johansen had revised and published his Ph.D. dissertation as a book, Forgotten Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the American Revolution in 1982.…”

Section: The Iroquois Influence Debate: Johansen and Grindementioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 She categorically stated that "a review of the evidence in the historical and ethnographic documents offers virtually no support for this contention." 54 Michael Newman joined the attack in a New Republic article by mocking the idea, as he put it, that the Iroquois ancestors "guided Madison's hand in writing the Constitution." 55 Both Tooker and Newman limited their anti-influence position to previously published research within the narrow confines of their related disciplines.…”

Section: The Iroquois Influence Debate: Johansen and Grindementioning

confidence: 99%

“…address the factual evidence of Iroquois and American interaction, from sending of wampum belts to Iroquois sachems by the Sons of Liberty in State House (Independence Hall) in May and June of 1776." 56 Among the many facts in the historical record that support Johansen and Grinde's influence thesis that were overlooked or ignored by the anti-influence anthropologists and ethnohistorians are the following: In 1744 the Iroquois sachem Canassatego advised the competing English colonies to unite as had the Iroquois nations under their Law of the Great Peace. Canassatego symbolically broke one arrow, then bound a handful to illustrate how difficult it was to break several at a time.…”

Section: The Iroquois Influence Debate: Johansen and Grindementioning

confidence: 99%

“…He also commented on "the individual independence of the Mohawks." 62 At yet another conference, in October 1989, feminist historian and biographer, Sally Roesch Wagner, broadened the debate by documenting the influence of Iroquois matrilineality and women-focused society on the suffragettes, as evidenced in the writings of Matilda Josylyn Gage and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In 1991, Grinde and Johansen coauthored Exemplar of Liberty in which they restated and enlarged their documentation for the Iroquois influence.…”

Section: The Iroquois Influence Debate: Johansen and Grindementioning

confidence: 99%

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Academic Indianismo: Social Scientific Research in American Indian Studies

Talbot¹

2002

American Indian Culture and Research Journal

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The struggle for the validity of indigenous knowledges may no longer be over the recognition that indigenous peoples have ways of viewing the world which are unique, but over proving the authenticity of, and control over, our own forms of knowledge.-Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Decolonizing Methodology American Indian Studies (AIS), or Native American studies (NAS), arose as a field in the late 1960s and 1970s as part of the "new Indian" movement and the revitalization of Indian culture and identity. By 1999 there were many colleges and universities offering programs or majors in AIS/NAS, thirteen with graduate degrees, and at least four with Ph.D. programs. 1 Although multidisciplinary in nature, and drawing from the humanities, history and the social sciences, AIS/NAS is informed by its own paradigm. Thus, the question remains: Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? Is American Indian studies a legitimate discipline, with its own unique perspective and methodological concerns? Or is it solely an area of concentration within the established disciplines? I subscribe to the first view, that AIS/NAS has its own perspective or paradigm. 2 I term this "academic Indianismo." Alexander Ewen (Perepeche) has coined the term Indianismo as a counterpoint to indigenismo, a concept promoted by Lazaro Cardenas, the Mexican proponent of Indian rights. 3 Cardenas, however, despite his humanistic concerns, saw indigenismo as a means of assimilating Indians into the body politic

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Section: The Iroquois Influence Debate: Johansen and Grindementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Iroquois Influence Debate: Johansen and Grindementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Iroquois Influence Debate: Johansen and Grindementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Iroquois Influence Debate: Johansen and Grindementioning

confidence: 99%

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