The Day-to-Day Criminality of Heroin Addicts in Baltimore—A Study in the Continuity of Offence Rates

Ball, John C.; Shaffer, John W.; Nurco, David N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9829-6_8

Cited by 48 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The need to identify and respond to drinking problems among opiate users should be clearly and explicitly recognized as a requirement of drug treatment services. Regular and dependent use of heroin and/or cocaine is strongly related to drug supply/dealing (Ball, Sheffer, & Nurco, 1983) and other income-generating crimes, such as acquisitive crimes ( Jarvis & Parker, 1989). Research has indicated that drug treatment plays an important role in reducing some types of criminal behaviour (Ball & Ross, 1991;Gossop, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of opiate users presenting for a new treatment episode: Baseline data from the national drug treatment outcome study in Ireland (ROSIE)

Cox

Comiskey

2007

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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Aim:The Research Outcome Study in Ireland (ROSIE) is the first large-scale, prospective, multisite, drug treatment outcome study in Ireland. Method: Using a structured questionnaire, the substance use, health, crime and social problems of 404 opiate users were assessed at treatment intake (6 months, 1 year and 3 years later). Findings: While the majority of study participants were opiate users, poly-drug use was the norm (76%, n=308). Most participants had a history of injecting drug use (77%, n=308), however only 42% (n=170) reported injecting in the preceding 90 days. Participants reported a range of mental and physical health complaints and extensive contact with social care services. High crime rates were observed. Analysis revealed differences in the characteristics and substance use of participants across treatment modality. Conclusions:The range and severity of problems affecting individuals commencing treatment for their problem drug use highlights the complex needs of the cohort. These problems create substantial costs for providers of social care services in Ireland and can affect treatment outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of opiate users presenting for a new treatment episode: Baseline data from the national drug treatment outcome study in Ireland (ROSIE)

Cox

Comiskey

2007

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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“…To date, however, these outcomes have predominantly been explored in the context of heroin use (Ball et al, 1983;Bennett & Holloway, 2005b;Klee & Morris, 1994). Indeed, it has been reported that heroin users are the most likely to attribute their offending to economic reasons (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations, substance use and other correlates amongst property and violent offenders who regularly inject drugs

Sutherland

Sindicich

Barrett

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: To examine the prevalence, correlates and motivations for the commission of property and violent crime amongst a sample of people who inject drugs (PWID).Method: Data were obtained from the 2013 Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS), which includes a cross-sectional sample of 887 PWID.Results: Eighteen percent of PWID had committed a property offence and 3% had committed a violent offence in the month preceding interview. Opioid dependence (AOR 2.57, 95%CI 1.29-5.10) and age (AOR 0.96, 95%CI 0.93-0.99) were found to be the strongest correlates of property crime.The majority of property offenders (75%) attributed their offending to financial reasons, however those under the influence of benzodiazepines were proportionately more likely to nominate opportunistic reasons as the main motivation for their last offence. Stimulant dependence (AOR 5.34, 95% CI 1.91-14.93) was the only significant correlate of past month violent crime, and the largest proportion of violent offenders (47%) attributed their offending to opportunistic reasons. The majority of both property (71%) and violent offenders (73%) reported being under the influence of drugs the last time they committed an offence; the largest proportion of property offenders reported being under the influence of benzodiazepines (29%) and methamphetamine (24%), whilst violent offenders mostly reported being under the influence of heroin and alcohol (32% respectively). Conclusion:Criminal motivations, substance use and other correlates vary considerably across crime types. This suggests that crime prevention and intervention strategies need to be tailored according to individual crime types, and should take into account self-reported criminal motivations, as well as specific risk factors that have been shown to increase the likelihood of offending.

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“…High levels of prohibited activity have also been found to coincide with periods of heavy drug consumption (Grapendaal, et al, 1995;Nurco et al, 1985;Ball et al, 1983). Additionally a lack of employable job skills, past criminal histories and high profits derived from drug dealing have been identified as factors influencing substance dependent individuals to engage in prohibited income generating behaviour (Sherman et al, 2006;Rothbard et al, 1999;Bretteville-Jensen and Sutton, 1996;Hammersley et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income generating activities of people who inject drugs

DeBeck¹,

Shannon²,

Wood³

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

146

158

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Background-Injection drug users (IDU) commonly generate income through prohibited activities, such as drug dealing and sex trade work, which carry significant risk. However, little is known about the IDU who engage in such activities and the role of active drug use in perpetuating this behavior.Methods-We evaluated factors associated with prohibited income generation among participants enrolled in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study (VIDUS) using logistic and linear regression. We also examined which sources of income respondents would eliminate if they did not require money to pay for drugs.

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The Day-to-Day Criminality of Heroin Addicts in Baltimore—A Study in the Continuity of Offence Rates

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Characteristics of opiate users presenting for a new treatment episode: Baseline data from the national drug treatment outcome study in Ireland (ROSIE)

Characteristics of opiate users presenting for a new treatment episode: Baseline data from the national drug treatment outcome study in Ireland (ROSIE)

Motivations, substance use and other correlates amongst property and violent offenders who regularly inject drugs

Income generating activities of people who inject drugs

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