The dangers of inadequate understanding of epilepsy in Madagascar

Ratsimbazafy, Voa; Tanamasoandro, Rakotovao; Marin, Benoît; Javerliat, Madeleine; Preux, Pierre‐Marie

doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70186-2

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Christian camps offer an alternative option for people who are not willing or able to access medical services and, particularly, those who view epilepsy as the manifestation of an evil possession according to their religious beliefs. The treatment consists of prayers and exorcisms twice daily and the patients may be kept in solitary confinement [40].…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cysticercosis in Madagascar

Carod

Dorny

2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Cysticercosis (CC) is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system. It is endemic in most developing countries where pigs are raised and consumed. An overview of all available data of this parasite in Madagascar is lacking. Methodology: We conducted a literature review, collecting information on published and available literature about cysticercosis in Madagascar between January 1st, 1990 and June 30th, 2020. Results: Out of 858 publications; 61 were included, issued from peer-review indexed journals, non-indexed journals, books, Ministry reports and press releases. In Madagascar, porcine cysticercosis has been reported since 1901; human cysticercosis is highly prevalent with an overall estimated seroprevalence between 7 and 21%. Serological analysis is based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (EITB) for confirmative testing. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common pattern of cysticercosis in Madagascar and it is reponsible for pediatric morbidity causing more than 50% of epilepsy cases. Though CT-Scan is now available and tends to be considered the gold standard for NCC diagnosis, it remains unaffordable for most Malagasy patients and implies the proposal of a diagnostic algorithm for physicians. Conclusions: Our review has revealed that human taeniasis and bovine cysticercosis is a considerable burden in Madagascar. A national control program has been developed aiming to decrease the seroprevalence rate from 16 to 10% in 2015. The aim of the country is now to implement a CC control and elimination program. Meanwhile, some massive cysticercosis screenings have been conducted in the capital Antananarivo to drive people's attention on this widespread infection.

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Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cysticercosis in Madagascar

Carod

Dorny

2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…36 For example, in Malawi, Munthali et al 37 found that one of the study participants reported being advised by a HCW to stop seizure medication and to use traditional/spiritual treatments – showing a need for research in this area. Another one reported on observations made by Ratsimbazafy et al 38 in religious camps in Madagascar and noted that first aid actions for PWE during a seizure attack involved isolation and shackling treatment. The authors were of the opinion that these first aid actions could be influenced by religious beliefs held by HCWs.…”

Section: Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial challenges affecting the quality of life in adults with epilepsy and their carers in Africa: A review of published evidence between 1994 and 2014

Keikelame

Suliaman

Hendriksz

et al. 2017

Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med.

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BackgroundLittle attention has been paid to the psychosocial challenges of adult patients with epilepsy and their carers in Africa in published studies conducted between 1994 and 2014 – yet these psychosocial challenges have been reported to have a major impact on the quality of life (QOL) of people living with the illness and those who care for them.AimThis review aimed to examine the literature on published studies conducted in Africa between 1994 and 2014 that examined psychosocial challenges of adult people with epilepsy and their carers. The aim was to examine the kind of psychosocial challenges from published evidence and to identify gaps in current knowledge.MethodsMEDLINE, PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Africa Wide, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PASCAL, SABINET and Google Scholar databases and hand searches of Epilepsy & Behavior, Epilepsia, South African Medical Journal, African Journal of Disability and African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine were reviewed.ResultsVery few studies in Africa have examined psychosocial challenges affecting the adult patients with epilepsy and their carers. This review reported the existence of evidence of such challenges and the insights into the psychosocial and economic factors that underpin them.There is evidence that where these have been addressed, there were valuable insights on the types of psychosocial, socio-cultural and socio-economic challenges. Collaborative empowering interventions are needed to enable the attainment of good QOL for those affected.ConclusionResearch on psychosocial challenges of adult patients with epilepsy and their carers from different sectors of healthcare to inform the design of appropriate models is needed.

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Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the essential oil of Myrothamnus moschatus in convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin

Randrianarivo¹,

Maggi

Nicoletti

et al. 2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of the essential oil of Myrothamnus moschatus (M. moschatus) in convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin in rodent models. Methods: The essential oil of the aerial parts of M. moschatus was extracted by steam distillation. Thereafter, it was injected subcutaneously to rats and mice at escalating doses (0.1-0.8 mL/kg). Ten minutes after drug injection, pentylenetetrazole was injected intraperitoneally to rats and picrotoxin was administered to mice by the same route. Diazepam served as the positive control. Every single animal was placed into transparent cage and observed for convulsive behavior for 30 min by using ordinary security cameras connected to a video recorder. Death occurring for a period of 24 h was also recorded. Results: The essential oil at 0.8 mL/kg completely arrested the pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion without any sedative effect and delayed its appearance at lower doses, but showed moderate activities on picrotoxin-induced convulsion. For the rats treated with pentylenetetrazole alone, the mortality was 100% within 1 h, but for the rats pre-treated with the essential oil, the mortality was 0%. For the mice treated with picrotoxin, the mortality rate was also 100%, while 20%-100% died in those that had been pre-treated with the oil. Conclusions: The results confirmed at least partly the traditional uses of the smoke of M. moschatus for the management of convulsion, and implied that the essential oil may inhibit the convulsion by GABAergic neuromodulation

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The dangers of inadequate understanding of epilepsy in Madagascar

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Cysticercosis in Madagascar

Cysticercosis in Madagascar

Psychosocial challenges affecting the quality of life in adults with epilepsy and their carers in Africa: A review of published evidence between 1994 and 2014

Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the essential oil of Myrothamnus moschatus in convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin

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