Abstract:The growth and productivity of ruminants depends on a complex microbial community found in their fore-stomach (rumen), which is able to breakdown plant polysaccharides and ferment the released sugars. Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316T is a Gram-positive polysaccharide-degrading, butyrate-producing bacterium that is present at high numbers in the rumen of animals consuming pasture or grass silage based diets. B316T is one of a small number of rumen fibrolytic microbes capable of efficiently degrading and utili… Show more
“…These unique species may have an association with host metabolism and disease and should be caught on attention. For example, the genus Butyrivibrio has been regarded as a key bacterium in polysaccharide degrading and butyrate producing [ 29 ], however, it was not detected in GDM group.…”
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a high-risk pregnancy complication of great effect on the perinatal health of women and newborns, may cause changes of gut microbiota in mothers and further affect gut microbiota in newborns. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of mother GDM on newborns’ gut microbiota. Meconium DNA was extracted from a total of 34 full-term and C-sectioned newborns, in which 20 newborns had mothers diagnosed with GDM, while 14 had unaffected mothers. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of 16S rRNA indicated that the gut microbiota of GDM newborns showed differences compared to control newborns. The taxonomy analyses suggested that the overall bacterial content significantly differed by maternal diabetes status, with the microbiome of the GDM group showing lower alpha-diversity than that of control group. The phyla of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in GDM newborns increased, while that of Bacteroidetes significantly reduced (P<0.05). Moreover, several unique gut microbiota in phylum of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes found in control newborns were absent in GDM ones. At genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Lactobacillus significantly decreased (P<0.05) in GDM newborns. Correlation analysis indicated that maternal fasting glucose levels were positively correlated with the relative abundance of phylum Actinobacteria and genus Acinetobacter, while negatively correlated with that of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Prevotella. However, bacteria in GDM grade A2 (GDM_A2) newborns did not show any statistical variation compared to those from control newborns, which might be attributed to the additional intervention by insulin. The results of this study have important implications for understanding the potential effects of GDM on the gut microbiota of newborns and thus possibly their metabolism at later stages in their lives.
“…These unique species may have an association with host metabolism and disease and should be caught on attention. For example, the genus Butyrivibrio has been regarded as a key bacterium in polysaccharide degrading and butyrate producing [ 29 ], however, it was not detected in GDM group.…”
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a high-risk pregnancy complication of great effect on the perinatal health of women and newborns, may cause changes of gut microbiota in mothers and further affect gut microbiota in newborns. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of mother GDM on newborns’ gut microbiota. Meconium DNA was extracted from a total of 34 full-term and C-sectioned newborns, in which 20 newborns had mothers diagnosed with GDM, while 14 had unaffected mothers. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of 16S rRNA indicated that the gut microbiota of GDM newborns showed differences compared to control newborns. The taxonomy analyses suggested that the overall bacterial content significantly differed by maternal diabetes status, with the microbiome of the GDM group showing lower alpha-diversity than that of control group. The phyla of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in GDM newborns increased, while that of Bacteroidetes significantly reduced (P<0.05). Moreover, several unique gut microbiota in phylum of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes found in control newborns were absent in GDM ones. At genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Lactobacillus significantly decreased (P<0.05) in GDM newborns. Correlation analysis indicated that maternal fasting glucose levels were positively correlated with the relative abundance of phylum Actinobacteria and genus Acinetobacter, while negatively correlated with that of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Prevotella. However, bacteria in GDM grade A2 (GDM_A2) newborns did not show any statistical variation compared to those from control newborns, which might be attributed to the additional intervention by insulin. The results of this study have important implications for understanding the potential effects of GDM on the gut microbiota of newborns and thus possibly their metabolism at later stages in their lives.
“…Butyrivibrio species have Gram-positive cell wall structures (21), and monosaccharide transport across the bacterial cell wall is mediated by a variety of extracellular SBPs linked to dedicated sugar ABC transporter systems (19, 20). Recent data on the B316 T secretome (44, 46) and carbohydrate-transport-associated membrane proteins (45), as well as genome sequence analysis of MB2003 (19, 20), identified a large number of sugar-specific ABC transporter SBPs. Overall, analysis of MB2003 upregulated SBPs and their functional domains, along with surrounding genes encoding polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, revealed that the most prevalent functional category was the COG1653 domain, which is known to be associated with oligosaccharide transport (45).…”
Feeding a future global population of 9 billion people and climate change are the primary challenges facing agriculture today. Ruminant livestock are important food-producing animals, and maximizing their productivity requires an understanding of their digestive systems and the roles played by rumen microbes in plant polysaccharide degradation. Butyrivibrio species are a phylogenetically diverse group of bacteria and are commonly found in the rumen, where they are a substantial source of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes for the depolymerization of lignocellulosic material. Our findings suggest that closely related species of Butyrivibrio have developed unique strategies for the degradation of plant fiber and the subsequent assimilation of carbohydrates in order to coexist in the competitive rumen environment. The identification of genes expressed during these competitive interactions gives further insight into the enzymatic machinery used by these bacteria as they degrade the xylan and pectin components of plant fiber.
“…Butyrivibrio have Gram-positive cell wall structures (10-12), and monosaccharide transport across the bacterial cell wall is mediated by a variety of extracellular SBPs linked to dedicated sugar ABC transporter systems. Recent data on the B316 T secretome (34, 36) and carbohydrate transport-associated membrane proteins (35), as well as genome sequence analysis of MB2003 (10, 11), identified a large number of sugar-specific ABC transporter SBPs.…”
Rumen bacterial species belonging to the genera Butyrivibrio are important 16 degraders of plant polysaccharides, particularly hemicelluloses (arabinoxylans) and pectin. 17Currently, four distinct species are recognized which have very similar substrate utilization 18 profiles, but little is known about how these microorganisms are able to co-exist in the rumen. To 19 investigate this question, Butyrivibrio hungatei (MB2003) and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus 20 (B316 T ) were grown alone or in co-culture on the insoluble substrates, xylan or pectin, and their 21 growth, release of sugars, fermentation end products and transcriptomes were examined. In 22 single cultures, B316 T was able to degrade and grow well on xylan and pectin, while B. hungatei 23
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