The cutting-edge training modalities and educational platforms for accredited surgical training: A systematic review

Abstract

Background:Historically, operating room (OR) has always been considered as a stand-alone trusted platform for surgical education and training. However, concerns about financial constraints, quality control, and patient safety have urged the surgical educators to develop more cost-effective, surgical educational platforms that can be employed outside the OR. Furthermore, trained surgeons need to regularly update their surgical skills to keep abreast with the emerging surgical technologies. This research aimed to explore the value of currently available modern surgical tools that can be used outside the OR and also elaborates the existing laparoscopic surgical training programs in world-class centers across the globe with a view to formulate a blended and unified structured surgical training program.Materials and Methods:Several data sources were searched using MeSH terms “Laparoscopic surgery” and “Surgical training” and “Surgical curriculum” and “fundamentals of endoscopic surgery” and “fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery” and “Telementoring” and “Box trainer.” The eligibility criteria used in data extraction searched for original and review articles and by excluding the editorial articles, short communications, conference proceedings, personal view, and commentaries. Data synthesis and data analysis were done by reviewing the initially retrieved 211 articles. Irrelevant and duplicate and redundant articles were excluded from the study.Results:Finally, 12 articles were selected for this systematic review. Data results showed that a myriad of cutting-edge technical innovations have provided modern surgical training tools such as the simulation-based mechanical and virtual reality simulators, animal and cadaveric labs, telementoring, telerobotic-assisted surgery, and video games. Surgical simulators allow the trainees to acquire surgical skills in a tension-free environment without supervision or time constraints.Conclusion:The existing world-renowned surgical training centers employ various clusters of training tools that essentially endeavor to embed the acquisition of knowledge and technical skills. However, a unified training curriculum that may be accepted worldwide is currently not available.

Tendencias y características de la realidad virtual

“…Al poder simular este procedimiento en un ambiente virtual, y poder combinarlo con otros métodos didácticos, se han podido entrenar las habilidades de los futuros profesionales, asimismo, la endoscopia, que es otro tipo de exploración corporal mediante un dispositivo denominado endoscopio, también se ha beneficiado de la tecnología antes mencionada. 110,113,146,148,155,161,162,166,169,170,173,176,181,182,190,192,197,203,205,207,218,224,235,244,252,259,265,273,277,286,293,300,317,326,328,334,337,360,365,369,371,397,399,405,409,410,…”

Application of Mixed Reality in Medical Training and Surgical Planning Focused on Minimally Invasive Surgery

“…There are some strategies for surgical training based on serious video games (Rosenberg et al, 2005;Goris et al, 2014), animal models (Daly et al, 2014;DeMasi et al, 2016), and cadavers (Jacobson et al, 2009;Zuckerman et al, 2009;Rocha e Silva et al, 2016). However, due to the economic and ethical issues involved in some of these solutions, surgical training has rapidly shifted toward the use of simulation-based systems (Forgione and Guraya, 2017).…”

Introductory Chapter: Addressing the Challenges of Laparoscopic Surgery

“…Laparoscopic surgeons are required long training time, experience, and practices in order to deal with the technical limitations introduced by laparoscopic surgery and become proficient. Due to the steep learning curve that laparoscopic surgery demands in certain surgical procedures, advanced and structured training programs and methods are constantly being introduced [1,2]. Recently, there is a paradigm shift from traditional subjective assessment methods of trainees to more objective assessment tools that can accredit surgeons as competent in laparoscopic surgery [3,4].…”