The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids

Merrifield, Daniel L.; Dimitroglou, Arkadios; Foey, Andrew; Davies, Simon J.; Baker, R.T.M.; Bøgwald, Jarl; Castex, Mathieu; Ringø, Einar

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.007

Cited by 779 publications

(662 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…A probiotic is generally defined as a live microbial food supplement which improves the balance of the host animal's intestinal flora (Fuller 1989). The majority of probiotic studies in fish doi: 10.17221/8172-CJAS were focused on Gram-positive bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacillus sp., although Gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Photorhodobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio species), microalgae, and yeasts were reported (Wang et al 2008;Merrifield et al 2010;Nayak 2010). One potential of LAB is Enterococcus faecium that was demonstrated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Wang et al 2008), grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (Sun et al 2011), beluga sturgeon (Huso huso), and Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) (Askarian et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of synbiotic may possibly produce greater benefits rather than the application of individual probionts . These biotics can be applied through external bathing or dietary supplementation and have been demonstrated to improve growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility of dietary ingredients with enzymes, disease resistance, and stimulation of the immune response of aquatic animals (for reviews see Kesarcodi-Watson et al 2008;Wang et al 2008;Merrifield et al 2010). Such benefits may be due to elevated digestive enzyme activities which have been reported in fish and shellfish fed pro-and prebiotics and the combination of them (synbiotic) (Daniels et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on survival, growth performance, and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings

Dehaghani¹,

Baboli²,

Moghadam³

et al. 2015

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Effects of different levels of Biomin® IMBO synbiotic, including Enterococcus faecium (as probiotic), and fructooligosaccharides (as prebiotic) on survival, growth performance, and digestive enzyme activities of common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in four treatments (each with 3 replicates), including T1 = control with non-synbiotic diet, T2 = 0.5 g/kg synbiotic diet, T3 = 1 g/kg synbiotic diet, and T4 = 1.5 g/kg synbiotic diet. In total 300 fish with an average weight of 10 ± 1 g were distributed in 12 tanks (25 animals per 300 l) and were fed experimental diets over a period of 60 days. The results showed that synbiotic could significantly enhance growth parameters (weight gain, length gain, specific growth rate, percentage weight gain) (P < 0.05), but did not exhibit any effect on survival rate (P > 0.05) compared with the control. An assay of the digestive enzyme activities demonstrated that the trypsin and chymotrypsin activities of synbiotic groups were considerably increased than those in the control (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the levels of α-amylase, lipase, or alkaline phosphatase (P > 0.05). This study indicated that different levels of synbiotic have the capability to enhance probiotic substitution, to improve digestive enzyme activity which leads to digestive system efficiency, and finally to increase growth. It seems that the studied synbiotic could serve as a good diet supplement for common carp cultures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on survival, growth performance, and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings

Dehaghani¹,

Baboli²,

Moghadam³

et al. 2015

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…In addition, probiotics have been reported to improve the health of the host organism by stimulating their immunities, therefore enhancing disease resistance (Merrifield et al, 2010;Nayak, 2010;Rengpipat et al, 2000). This may be one of potential mechanisms provided by our probionts in order to protect the Artemia against V. alginolyticus and hence promote higher survival rate, as observed in our in vivo assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…As a promoter of health, probiotics could be beneficial through multiple ways, either by a single strain introduction or as a combination of several probionts, which include the inhibiting pathogens through production of antagonistic compounds, competition for adhesion sites and nutrients, alteration of enzymatic activities of pathogens, immunostimulatory functions, improving feed digestibility, promotion of growth and survival and also improvement to water quality (Utiswannakul et al, 2011;Nimrat et al, 2008;Balcazar et al, 2006;Bomba et al, 2002). As proposed by Merrifield et al (2010), probiotics must not be pathogenic and should display antagonistic properties against one or multiple pathogens. They should be administered either by direct addition to the dry food, the culture water or via live food during the early stages of larval development (Verschuere et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Probiotic Potential of Malaysian Paenibacillus pabuli Against Vibrio alginolyticus in Artemia Culture

Ina-Salwan¹,

Hishammudd²,

Zulperi³

et al. 2015

Asian J. of Agricultural Research

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In the present study, two strains of Malaysian Paenibacillus spp. isolated from intestinal tract of cultured hybrid red tilapia were tested for their antagonistic activity against Vibrio alginolyticus, a destructive bacterial pathogen to marine fishes as probiotics in aquaculture. Homology searches of 16S rRNA and Internal Transcribes Spacer (ITS) genes sequencing with nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Sequence Tool (nBLAST) revealed that both strains were identical to Paenibacillus spp. and Paenibacillus pabuli, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of these Paenibacillus strains as probiotics. Co-culture assay demonstrated that the growth of V. alginolyticus was inhibited when grown with these probionts. A complete inhibition of the pathogen by P. pabuli strain D12 occurred at 48 h of incubation period. To qualify strains as probiotics, Artemia challenged with V. alginolyticus was performed, with or without these potential probiotics. The highest survival rate (72%) of Artemia was observed in P. pabuli strain D12 treatment after challenged with V. alginolyticus, followed by P. pabuli strain D14 at 68% survival rate. The lowest survival of Artemia (23% survival rate) was recorded when challenged with only V. alginolyticus. This study reported the ability of Paenibacillus D12 and D14 as potential probiotics to control V. alginolyticus in Artemia culture system.

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“…Use of antibiotics in culture systems will lead to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria and will also hinder the growth of cultured organisms. Use of probiotics has been proved to be the best alternative to antibiotic application in aquaculture systems (Gomez-Gill et al, 2000;Planas et al, 2004;Vine et al, 2006;Merrifield et al, 2010). Although there are many reports on the antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of commercial probiotics for the improvement of water quality and rotifer density in outdoor mass culture tanks

Loka

Sonali²,

Saha³

et al. 2016

Indian J. Fish.

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An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of three commercially available probiotics P1, P2 and P3 consisting of mainly Bacillus spp. and nitrifying bacteria against Vibrio loads in mass culture tanks of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Triplicate tanks were maintained for each of the probiotic treatment as well as for control group. All the tanks were inoculated with 50 rotifers ml -1 and were fed with Nannochloropsis oculata at a density of 1 x 10 7 cells ml -1 . Every alternate day, all the experimental tanks were treated with probiotics at a concentration of 1 x 10 4 cfu ml -1 and the experiment was carried out for one week. The study showed a significant increase in rotifer density (p<0.05) in all the tanks treated with the probiotics and a maximum density of 400 nos. ml -1 was observed in the tanks treated with P3. After 5 th and 6 th day of culture, total elimination of Vibrios was also recorded in the tanks treated with P3 and P2 respectively. The study revealed that P3, with a combination of Bacillus, Thiobacillus, Acetobacter and Paracoccus supplemented with enzymes, was found to be most effective in the enhancement of rotifer density and also in the elimination of Vibrios in rotifer mass culture tanks.

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The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids

Cited by 779 publications

References 158 publications

Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on survival, growth performance, and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings

Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on survival, growth performance, and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings

Elucidating the Probiotic Potential of Malaysian Paenibacillus pabuli Against Vibrio alginolyticus in Artemia Culture

Use of commercial probiotics for the improvement of water quality and rotifer density in outdoor mass culture tanks

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