The current and projected economic burden of Parkinson's disease in the United States

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD), following Alzheimer's disease, is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder in the United States. A lack of treatment options for changing the trajectory of disease progression, in combination with an increasing elderly population, portends a rising economic burden on patients and payers. This study combined information from nationally representative surveys to create a burden of PD model. The model estimates disease prevalence, excess healthcare use and medical costs, and nonmedical costs for each demographic group defined by age and sex. Estimated prevalence rates and costs were applied to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2010 to 2050 population data to estimate current and projected burden based on changing demographics. We estimate that approximately 630,000 people in the United States had diagnosed PD in 2010, with diagnosed prevalence likely to double by 2040. The national economic burden of PD exceeds $14.4 billion in 2010 (approximately $22,800 per patient). The population with PD incurred medical expenses of approximately $14 billion in 2010, $8.1 billion higher ($12,800 per capita) than expected for a similar population without PD. Indirect costs (e.g., reduced employment) are conservatively estimated at $6.3 billion (or close to $10,000 per person with PD). The burden of chronic conditions such as PD is projected to grow substantially over the next few decades as the size of the elderly population grows. Such projections give impetus to the need for innovative new treatments to prevent, delay onset, or alleviate symptoms of PD and other similar diseases.

The burden of neurological disease in theUnitedStates: A summary report and call to action

“…39 Parkinson Disease PD is estimated to affect 630,000 to 1,000,000 people in the United States, or 0.3% of the general population, and these numbers are projected to approximately double by 2050. 40 It disproportionately affects men (2:1) and those aged > 50 years. 41 Direct costs are estimated at $13,786 per patient, for an aggregate direct medical cost of $8.1 billion, including institutional care, outpatient care, retail prescriptions, equipment, and supplies.…”

“…41 Direct costs are estimated at $13,786 per patient, for an aggregate direct medical cost of $8.1 billion, including institutional care, outpatient care, retail prescriptions, equipment, and supplies. 40 Indirect costs are $10,816 per patient, or $6.8 billion in aggregate, including reduced employment, workdays lost due to illness, reduced household income, higher disability payments, adult day care, other formal care, and miscellaneous household expenditures. Together, direct and indirect costs for PD total $15.5 billion per year.…”

Altered Expression of Brain Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2, Trypsin-2 and Serpin Proteinase Inhibitors in Parkinson’s Disease

“…Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting 1% of people over 65 years of age rising to 4% of the population by the age of 80 years (Kowal et al, 2013). Pathologically, it is characterized by degeneration of brainstem nuclei and the accumulation of α-synuclein-containing aggregates (Lewy bodies and neurites) throughout the brain.…”

The potential price and access implications of the cost-utility and budget impact methodologies applied by NICE in England and ICER in the US for a novel gene therapy in Parkinson’s disease

“…The estimated 2018 total US PD population is around 800,000 [55], and using the same KOL estimate of the proportion of all PD patients who are advanced and poorly controlled, we get an estimated target population in the region of 80,000. In this context, the results of the BIA mean that less than 9% of the US target population could be treated annually without exceeding the threshold.…”