“…Kollman (2007) argues, in part, that the proliferation of SSM policies across western countries is related to a growing link of international LGBT activists and gay rights organizations. There is no doubt that collective action on the part of outside challengers plays an important role in the battle to legalize gay marriage (see Smith 2005b;2008;Hull 2003;Smith 1999;and Stearns and Almeida 2004 for extensive discussion). In Belgium, large marches targeting politicians have been organized by the LGBT community since the late 70s.…”
Section: Civil Society Collective Action and The Lgbt Communitymentioning
Over the last ten years, several western countries have recognized gay marriage either by providing gay couples the same rights as heterosexual couples, or by allowing civil unions. Other western countries have not. What accounts for this variation? This paper reviews and analyzes the key demographic, institutional and cultural arguments found in the literature on the legalization of gay marriageespecially as these pertain to cross-national comparison -and raises questions about assumptions regarding the extent to which there is variation on these variables across western countries. I argue that institutional and cultural explanations are only meaningful in explaining legalization when their combinations are specified in order to shed light on favorable (or unfavorable) circumstances for policy outcomes.
“…Kollman (2007) argues, in part, that the proliferation of SSM policies across western countries is related to a growing link of international LGBT activists and gay rights organizations. There is no doubt that collective action on the part of outside challengers plays an important role in the battle to legalize gay marriage (see Smith 2005b;2008;Hull 2003;Smith 1999;and Stearns and Almeida 2004 for extensive discussion). In Belgium, large marches targeting politicians have been organized by the LGBT community since the late 70s.…”
Section: Civil Society Collective Action and The Lgbt Communitymentioning
Over the last ten years, several western countries have recognized gay marriage either by providing gay couples the same rights as heterosexual couples, or by allowing civil unions. Other western countries have not. What accounts for this variation? This paper reviews and analyzes the key demographic, institutional and cultural arguments found in the literature on the legalization of gay marriageespecially as these pertain to cross-national comparison -and raises questions about assumptions regarding the extent to which there is variation on these variables across western countries. I argue that institutional and cultural explanations are only meaningful in explaining legalization when their combinations are specified in order to shed light on favorable (or unfavorable) circumstances for policy outcomes.
“…commitment ceremonies) or legal recognition (marriage, civil unions, or registered partnership) (Lewin 1988;Stiers 1999;Hull 2003;Schechter et al 2005;Eskridge and Spedale 2006;Badgett 2008). According to these studies, the legal and material benefits of marriage played an important role in the decision of some same-sex couples to marry in Massachusetts, and similar reasons are cited for American same-sex couples' stated desire to marry where marriage is not a legal option.…”
Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…See Schecter et al 2005, on couples in Massachusetts Stiers 1999, andHull 2003,. asked couples about their intentions to marry or prioritization of marriage as an issue.…”
“…Some LGBTQ marriage advocates (i.e., Calhoun, 2000;Eskridge, 1996;Hull, 2003;Vaid, 1995) assert that the very act of laying claim to the heterosexually exclusive institution of marriage has the potential to break down hegemonic cultural norms, including gender norms. Experiences of oppression and marginalization have forced LGBTQ people to acquire skills in redefining family and expanding the institutional parameters imposed by mainstream society.…”
Section: Equal Marriage As Counter-hegemonic Actmentioning
Many competing and contradictory ideologies and theoretical perspectives have converged and diverged to influence and shape a complex and disparate LGBTQ cultural identity. Indeed, LGBTQ organizing around equality rights issues, particularly marriage, incurs a critique from inside "the movement" that is as heated and rancorous as that of the external debate. The visibility of gays and lesbians has increased dramatically during the equal marriage debate as those marrying have been both publicly vilified and hailed as heroes. The implications of same-sex marriage for the LGBTQ community are significant as its members face changing social roles. Moreover, as these couples chart new ground, they are without the signposts that surround heterosexual couples. The goal of this paper is to explore, from a critical theoretical lens, how we understand the nature and possibility of same-sex marriage and deconstruct the binaries associated with it.
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