The Cultural Orientations of Entrepreneurs and Employees’ Job Satisfaction: The Turkish Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Case

Abstract

cultural orientations, job satisfaction, person-organization fit, SME entrepreneurs,

Is small business better than big business for marketing managers?

“…Marketing managers in small firms experience higher levels of QWL mostly due to higher-order need satisfaction. This finding is consistent with the research literature that underscored the fact that employees in small business enjoy better relations with their managers and fellow co-workers, are more relaxed because of the informality common in the culture of small business, are challenged in their jobs because they have greater responsibility and more autonomy, and feel that their work does make a difference (Smith and Hoy, 1992;Tsai et al, 2007;Yetim and Yetim, 2006).…”

Identifying the complex relationships among emotional labor and its correlates

“…Job satisfaction is believed to influence employee performance, hence customer satisfaction (Chi and Gursoy, 2009;Hartline and Ferrell, 1996;Hellman, 1997;Lee et al, 2010;Testa et al, 2003). Job satisfaction is postulated to be influenced by many factors, including socio-demographic characteristics such as age, education and tenure (Kacmar and Ferris, 1989;Kutz et al, 1990;Lynn et al, 1996), gender (Mason, 1995), socio-cultural characteristics of employers (Yetim and Yetim, 2006), training and award at the work place (O'Neill, 1997), and emotional labor (Adelmann, 1995;Brotheridge and Grandey, 2002;Brotheridge and Lee, 2003;Erickson and Wharton, 1997;Liu et al, 2004;Feldman, 1996, 1997;Pugliesi, 1999;Wharton, 1993Wharton, , 1996Wong and Wang, 2009;Yang and Chang, 2008;Zapf and Holz, 2006). While many factors are likely to influence the job satisfaction, this study specifically examines the relationships between emotional labor and job satisfaction.…”

Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences in Characteristics Attributed to Entrepreneurs

“…Most of the studies presented in Table 1 compared typical entrepreneurial characteristics across two or three countries (Ardichvili & Gasparishvili, 2003;Carland & Koiranen, 1997;Koiranen, Hyrsky, & Tuunanen, 1998;Kessler, 2008;Lituchy & Reavley, 2004;Shane, Kolvereid, & Westhead, 1991;van Eden, Louw, & Venter, 2005), though some focused on individual countries (Hisrich, 1988;Kaufmann, Welsh, & Bushmarin, 1995;Nair & Pandey, 2006;Nicholson, 1998;Yetim & Yetim, 2006), and a few used data from more than three countries (Beugelsdijk & Noorderhaven, 2005;McGrath, MacMillan, & Scheinberg, 1992;Mueller, 2004). These studies take one of two distinct approaches to investigate the characteristics associated with entrepreneurs internationally.…”