The Crystallography of Aluminum and Its Alloys

Abstract

This article begins with pure aluminum and a discussion of the form of the crystal structure and different unit cells that can be used to describe it. Measurements of the face-centered cubic lattice parameter and thermal expansion coefficient in pure aluminum are reviewed and parametrizations are given which allow the reader to evaluate them across the full range of temperatures where aluminum is a solid. A new concept called the “vacancy triangle” is introduced and demonstrated as an effective means for determining vacancy concentrations near the melting point of aluminum. The Debye–Waller factor, quantifying the thermal vibration of aluminum atoms in pure aluminum, is reviewed and parametrized over the full range of temperatures where aluminum is a solid. The nature of interatomic bonding and the history of its characterization in pure aluminum are reviewed with the unequivocal conclusion that it is purely tetrahedral in nature. The crystallography of aluminum alloys is then discussed in terms of all of the concepts covered for pure aluminum, using prominent alloy examples. The electron density domain theory of solid-state nucleation and precipitate growth is introduced and discussed as a new means of rationalizing phase transformations in alloys from a crystallographic point of view.

Low reflectance of carbon nanotube and nanoscroll-based thin film coatings: a case study

“…The graphitic planes, (002) and(101), at 26°, 44.6° are seen with a lower intensity compared to that of the functionalized data. Polymer grafting process of the coated film would in general lead to an apparent decrease in the intensity of the graphitic planes91,92 . Peaks at 38.3°, 78.1°, 82.3° are assigned to (111), (311), (222) planes of the Al substrate respectively93 .…”

Planetary Milling and Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Al-TiB2 Composites

“…In Table 7, we gather the standardized lattice parameters of Al, Al 3 Ti, and TiB 2 phases [25][26][27][28]. 147 Table 5.…”

Lattice Dynamic and Thermophysical Properties of AlSi (Silumine) Alloy: A DFT Study

“…high strength, less ductility, lower thermal expansion rate, higher strength and low wear rate [3]. Some of the binary solid solutions in aluminium like AlNi, AlLi, AlMg and AlSi are studied by CALPHAD [4]. In this work [4], the crystallography of aluminium alloys is discussed.…”

“…Some of the binary solid solutions in aluminium like AlNi, AlLi, AlMg and AlSi are studied by CALPHAD [4]. In this work [4], the crystallography of aluminium alloys is discussed. Structural and mechanical properties of AlSi alloys have been investgated by fast cooling of a levitated melt by Nikanorov et.…”