The crystal structure of kurnakovite, Mg[B3Oa(OH)5] (H20)4.H20, was refined to R=0-051 from 2057 X-ray reflexions (Cu K~ radiation). Crystals are triclinic, space group P], with a= 8.3479, b= 10.6068, c=6.4447/~ (all +_0"0001 /~), ~=98-846, fl= 108.891, 7= 105-581 ° (all +_0-001°); D,,= 1.847 and D~,= 1.855 g cm -3 for Z= 2. The structure contains discrete [B3Oa(OH)5] 2-groups. These share OH groups with Mg(OH)2(HzO)4 octahedra, with which they alternate in the c direction to form chains. The fifth water molecule occurs between these chains; a network of hydrogen bonds provides the inter-chain links, as well as a few intra-chain ones. Hydrogen atoms were located and their parameters refined. The H-bonding system explains the observed cleavages.