The creation and validation of an augmented reality orthopaedic drilling simulator for surgical training

Design of a Percutaneous Articular Fracture Reduction Simulator

“…This improves on our previous result of 3.7mm. 3 These results confirm the viability of the new simulator for creating a new, useful educational opportunity for surgical residents and introducing a technical platform that may support other high precision surgical simulations as well.…”

“…In contrast to the completely virtual surgical simulation using haptic feedback devices and sophisticated renderings of soft tissue deformation, our group has chosen to use physical models, real surgical instruments and position tracking in conjunction with virtual reality. [2][3][4] The physical models provide experience with the surgical tools, and enable more realistic hand movements and haptic cue feedback.…”

“…The current work extends our previous efforts with 3D tracking for navigating guide wires/pins in treating fractures of the hip. In that prior work, we developed this capability first with electromagnetic trackers, 2,3 then with vision-based methods. 4 The new surgical task to be addressed is the percutaneous reduction of a distal tibial plafond fracture, a fracture of the articulating surface of the tibia with the talus.…”

Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality applications in orthopedic surgery

“…Another simulator called The BoneDoc dynamic hip screw simulator provides training for screw and plate fixation of hip fractures . Finally, Johns developed a fluoroscopic‐based wire navigation training simulator for hip fractures, which makes use of a real drill and guide wire instead of a haptic feedback device and has been found to be an appropriate measure of surgical skill for wire navigation of the proximal femur …”

Identification of key visual areas that guide an assembly process in real and virtual environments

“…Some of the most frequent applications are video games, entertainment (movies), and computer simulators for educational and training purposes [114]. Previous VE applications have focused on aviation [115], space [56], medical education [116], assembly tasks [63], [117], [118], welding, driving [59] and navigation [1,5].…”