Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality applications in orthopedic surgery

Abstract

Background Innovation in computer‐assisted surgery (CAS) aims to increase operative accuracy and improve safety by decreasing procedure‐related complications. The application of reality technologies, to CAS has begun to revolutionize orthopedic training and practice. Methods For this review, relevant published reports were found via searches of Medline (PubMed) data base using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: “virtual reality” or “augmented reality” or “mixed reality” with “orthopedics” or “orthopedic surgery” and all relevant reports we utilized. Results Trainees now have authentic and highly interactive operative simulations without the need for supervision. The practicing orthopedic surgeon is better able to pre‐operatively plan and intra‐operatively navigate without the use of fluoroscopy, gain access to three‐dimensional reconstructions of patient imaging, and remotely interact with colleagues located outside the operating room. Conclusion This review provides a current and comprehensive examination of the reality technologies and their applications in Orthopedic surgery.

Mesoscopic fluorescence lifetime imaging: Fundamental principles, clinical applications and future directions

“…The incorporation of an aiming beam to track the measurement location permits real‐time display of individual or combined FLIm parameters superimposed to an image of the surgical field‐of‐view for an augmented reality visualization experience [110, 118]. For applications where the current standard of care does not require an imaging system (ie, cameras), mixed‐reality visualization approaches with goggles or ancillary screens could enable enhanced surgical guidance [232–237].…”

Blandet virkelighet – ny bildeteknologi i klinisk utprøving

“…Ved bruk av holografisk teknologi med blandet virkelighet (12) kan vi gjøre en leddundersøkelse der vi ser hvordan skjelettet beveger seg mens vi undersøker pasienten. CT-bilder av bekken og hofter brukes for å lage et hologram av bekkenet og hoftene.…”

The clinical application value of mixed‐reality‐assisted surgical navigation for laparoscopic nephrectomy

“…Mixed‐reality (MR) technology introduces virtual scenes to the real environment and establishes an interactive feedback information loop between the virtual world, the real world, and the user 6 . Verhey et al 7 introduced the concept that MR technology can be helpful for preoperative operation plan formulation by a 360 degree panoramic display of a renal tumor without a dead angle, which contributes to improving preoperative planning efficiency and has better familiarity with patient anatomy. Yoshida et al 8 reported that real‐time imaging of intraoperative MRASN can be conducive to the tracking and location of tumors and improve the accuracy of renal tumor resection.…”