The creation and characterization of the bread wheat line with a centric translocation T2DL.2RL

Abstract

The development of bread wheat introgressions with alien genetic material from cultural and wild Triticeae species is an effective method for expanding the wheat gene pool necessary for breeding. To date, numerous collections of introgressions as substitutions and chromosome modifications have been obtained; however, the creation and study of wheat with new valuable traits still remain an important line of research. Rye Secale cereale L., whose chromosomes carry genes that control valuable economic and biological characteristics and properties, is widely used to produce new wheat forms. In this study, a wheat-rye translocation obtained by backcrossing the wheat-rye disomic-substitution line 2R(2D)1 with the variety Novosibirskaya 67 was characterized. The chromosomal composition of karyotypes was studied using fluorescent in situ hybridization and C-banding. Two centric translocations, derived from two long arms of chromosomes 2D and 2R, T2DL.2RL, were identified, the remaining 40 wheat chromosomes did not undergo modifications. Meiosis in the lines was stable. Chromosomes T2DL.2RL formed bivalents in all meiocytes, which confirmed their homology. The morphological characteristics of the spike in the T2DL.2RL line and Novosibirskaya 67 did not differ. A comparative analysis of productivity between the T2DL.2RL translocation line and the parental forms, Novosibirskaya 67 and the 2R(2D)1 line, was carried out. The T2DL.2RL line is inferior to Novosibirskaya 67 in all characters with different confidence levels. The productivity characters of the 2R(2D)1 line exceeded or did not differ from those of T2DL.2RL, however, the mass of 1000 grains was significantly lower. The results showed the effect of the T2DL.2RL translocation on the trait “plant height”. This character was significantly lower than that of Novosibirskaya 67 in two vegetation periods. Consequently, the T2DL.2RL translocation reduces plant height and productivity.

Creation and study of emmer (<i>Triticum dicoccum</i>) × triticale hybrids

“…To evaluate the meiotic stability in the selection forms, two most productive plants DT 6/186/156 and DT 6/186/165 were selected in the F 7 progeny of plant DT 6/186, and their F 8 seeds were seeded in the hydroponic greenhouse of the ICG SB RAS in spring 2021. The chromosomal behavior of the progeny was studied using routine acetocarmine staining protocol and FISH staining (fluorescence in situ hybridization) following the technique described earlier (Ivanova et al, 2019).…”

Parameters of adaptability, biological and economical valuable traits of soft wheat promising lines

“…Quantity alone, however, cannot always explain quality differences among wheat cultivars . Therefore, protein quality, in terms of the polymeric/monomeric protein ratio and the molecular size of the protein polymer (determined by the presence of specific glutenin subunits), is also important (Ivanova et al, 2019). Wheat flour contains roughly the same amounts of glutenins and gliadins, and the unbalance of the glutenin/gliadin ratio may change its viscoelastic properties.…”

“…This is especially true for Ukraine, it declares itself on the world market the everincreasing volume of grain exported. Unfortunately, Ukrainian wheat in general is inferior in grain quality to the best world varieties and often does not fully satisfy the national market the level of quality of wheat flour (Rybalka, 2011;Szakács et al, 2020) in the selection of soft winter wheat homogeneous genetic material, besides progress in increasing productivity varieties, caused a narrowing of their genetic basis and an increasing the affinity of the gene pool (Ivanova et al, 2019). This led to that the vast majority of domestic varieties have a narrow technological direction of using (Rybalka, 2011;Kozub et al, 2018;Motsny, et al, 2017).…”