The coupling between gaze behavior and opponent kinematics during anticipation of badminton shots

Abstract

a b s t r a c tPurpose: We examined links between the kinematics of an opponent's actions and the visual search behaviors of badminton players responding to those actions. Method: A kinematic analysis of international standard badminton players (n = 4) was undertaken as they completed a range of serves. Video of these players serving was used to create a life-size temporal occlusion test to measure anticipation responses. Expert (n = 8) and novice (n = 8) badminton players anticipated serve location while wearing an eye movement registration system. Results: During the execution phase of the opponent's movement, the kinematic analysis showed between-shot differences in distance traveled and peak acceleration at the shoulder, elbow, wrist and racket. Experts were more accurate at responding to the serves compared to novice players. Expert players fixated on the kinematic locations that were most discriminating between serve types more frequently and for a longer duration compared to novice players. Moreover, players were generally more accurate at responding to serves when they fixated vision upon the discriminating arm and racket kinematics.

The Effects of High- and Low-Anxiety Training on the Anticipation Judgments of Elite Performers

“…execution phase of 1,900 ms duration, see Alder et al, 2014). Therefore, the duration of the 548 task may not have provided sufficient time for the differences in fixation frequency normally 549 found for anxiety and for fixation duration differences to become apparent.…”

“…The video-based task was the same video-based temporal occlusion 220 test as used in Alder et al (2014). During the task, the badminton players were required toanticipate serves from video of a doubles match filmed from the first person perspective that 222 were shown as a series of clips on a large screen and occluded around shuttle/racket contact.…”

“…The two start locations were 229 clearly marked on the floor with an "X" using tape. Participants were required to respond by 230 physically carrying out a shadow shot and to provide verbal confirmation as to the end 231 location of the serve from the six possible locations (short tee, short centre, short wide, long 232 centre, long tee and long wide; see Alder et al, 2014). The shadow return shot was not 233 recorded as a dependent variable, but was used to increase the fidelity of the experiment.…”

“…During the video, the researcher read a 313 statement that described the visual search behaviours adopted by the Olympian. He exhibited 314 behaviours consisting of few fixations of a longer duration upon areas where between-shot 315 kinematic differences were located (Alder et al, 2014). Subsequently, participants were 316…”

Investigation of the Anticipation Time in Forehand and Backhand Strokes of Badminton Players

“…Williams and colleagues (2002) found that talented tennis players were better at anticipating the forehand and backhand direction from the movement of the body and hip area of the competitor compared to less skilled tennis players. It is observed that the effects of gender, age, and sports history on the time of anticipation are investigated in other studies conducted with the anticipation time (Xu et al, 2016;Ting et al, 2017;Alder et al, 2014).…”