The Counselor’s Trauma as Counseling Motivation: Vulnerability or Stress Inoculation?

Jenkins, Sharon Rae; Mitchell, Jessica; Baird, Stephanie L.; Whitfield, Sarah Roby; Meyer, Heather Lynn

doi:10.1177/0886260510383020

Cited by 37 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While no consistent term is currently available for these effects, four theoretical constructs have primarily been used to measure responses to (interpersonally demanding) work: secondary traumatic stress ( Figley, 1995 ), compassion fatigue ( Figley, 1995 ), vicarious traumatization ( McCann & Pearlman, 1990 ) and burnout ( Maslach, 1982 ). All four share significant similarities but have evolved from different theoretical frameworks, resulting in some variations ( Jenkins, Mitchell, Baird, Whitfield, & Meyer, 2011 ). Whereas the concept of burnout is thought to capture stress reactions to any work environment, the three remaining constructs were originally developed to assess therapists working with trauma survivors specifically ( Jenkins et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapists’ experiences in their work with sex offenders and people with pedophilia: A literature review

Bach

Demuth

2018

Eur. J. Psychol.

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This article presents a review of the literature that pertains to the experiences of therapists who work directly with child sex offenders and/or people with pedophilia. We draw together results from studies that attempted to identify how therapists experience such work and how they were personally impacted by it. Usually, such studies are embedded within one of the following theoretical frameworks: Secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, vicarious traumatization and burnout. Most literature on the topic has therefore sought to determine to what extent and why, work-related stress responses may occur among these therapists. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide insight into this, arguably, important line of research, while evaluating the current knowledge as well as providing recommendations for future research efforts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapists’ experiences in their work with sex offenders and people with pedophilia: A literature review

Bach

Demuth

2018

Eur. J. Psychol.

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“…Given a higher rate of sexual trauma among females, this type of exposure may contribute to a higher burden of STS particularly if the majority of the workforce is female (Badger et al., ), but more research is needed to further elucidate this relationship and the role that gender may play. This is relevant given that many helping professionals identify this as a motivation for entering the field (Jenkins, Mitchell, Baird, Whitfield, & Meyer, ). This may be a factor that greatly enhances one's therapeutic skill while simultaneously conferring vulnerability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐Analysis of Risk Factors for Secondary Traumatic Stress in Therapeutic Work With Trauma Victims

Hensel

Ruiz

Finney

et al. 2015

Journal of Traumatic Stress

204

242

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Revisions to the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) clarify that secondary exposure can lead to the development of impairing symptoms requiring treatment. Historically known as secondary traumatic stress (STS), this reaction occurs through repeatedly hearing the details of traumatic events experienced by others. Professionals who work therapeutically with trauma victims may be at particular risk for this exposure. This meta-analysis of 38 published studies examines 17 risk factors for STS among professionals indirectly exposed to trauma through their therapeutic work with trauma victims. Small significant effect sizes were found for trauma caseload volume (r = .16), caseload frequency (r = .12), caseload ratio (r = .19), and having a personal trauma history (r = .19). Small negative effect sizes were found for work support (r = -.17) and social support (r = -.26). Demographic variables appear to be less implicated although more work is needed that examines the role of gender in the context of particular personal traumas. Caseload frequency and personal trauma effect sizes were moderated by year of publication. Future work should examine the measurement of STS and associated impairment, understudied risk factors, and effective interventions.

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“…This result is particularly interesting because researches investigating the link between PTSD and burnout have started to consider burnout as a "vicarious trauma" or as a "secondary trauma" (Iliffe & Steed, 2000;Jenkins, Mitchell, Baird, Whitfield, & Meyer, 2011;Levin et al, 2011). This result is particularly interesting because researches investigating the link between PTSD and burnout have started to consider burnout as a "vicarious trauma" or as a "secondary trauma" (Iliffe & Steed, 2000;Jenkins, Mitchell, Baird, Whitfield, & Meyer, 2011;Levin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Prison Workers' Profile According To the Risk Of Posttraumatmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inmates-to-Staff Assaults, PTSD and Burnout

Boudoukha

Altıntaş²,

Rusinek³

et al. 2013

J Interpers Violence

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Prison employees are often confronted with critical incidents and chronic stressors that may lead to trauma or burnout symptoms. However, most of the research on clinical aspects of interpersonal violence in prisons (inmates-to-staff violence, specifically) focuses either on trauma or on burnout. The purpose of the present study is (a) to examine both burnout and posttraumatic stress among prison staff and (b) to examine the influences of inmates-to-staff violent relations on posttraumatic stress in terms of risk profile to develop PTSD. A random sample of French correctional employees has completed various self-reported questionnaires assessing burnout, posttraumatic stress, and stress as well as victimization and demographic characteristics. Correctional employees demonstrated high levels of PTSD symptoms, burnout, and stress. Violent interactions with inmates lead to experienced trauma of all types (PTSD, secondary, or vicarious trauma). Results have highlighted a prison worker's profile prone to PTSD: he or she expresses high levels of emotional exhaustion, intense levels of stress, high levels of depersonalization, and high levels of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperreactivity. This study contributes to an understanding of the literature by explaining the complex association between burnout and posttraumatic stress after interpersonal violence. These findings suggest a need to support prison workers and to address inmates-to-staff relational dynamics.

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The Counselor’s Trauma as Counseling Motivation: Vulnerability or Stress Inoculation?

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Therapists’ experiences in their work with sex offenders and people with pedophilia: A literature review

Therapists’ experiences in their work with sex offenders and people with pedophilia: A literature review

Meta‐Analysis of Risk Factors for Secondary Traumatic Stress in Therapeutic Work With Trauma Victims

Inmates-to-Staff Assaults, PTSD and Burnout

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