The Coulomb instability of charged microdroplets: dynamics and scaling

Achtzehn, T.; Müller, R.; Duft, Denis; Leisner, Thomas

doi:10.1140/epjd/e2005-00102-1

Cited by 63 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The lemon droplet outline just before Coulomb explosions is considered common to many fluids (but perhaps not quite all, see Figure (e)) and thus provides a convenient and physically significant trigger mechanism for the numerical simulation of the explosions.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with the parameters a, b, and n for the super-spheroid, the parameters A and B, corresponding to the radii and separation distance of the two circles whose intersection gives the lemon form, are both determined in a least-squared fitting procedure but are of course linearly dependent with mass conservation. The lemon droplet outline just before Coulomb explosions is considered common to many fluids [6,33] (but perhaps not quite all, see Figure 8(e)) and thus provides a convenient and physically significant trigger mechanism for the numerical simulation of the explosions.…”

Section: Coulomb Explosions Of Initial Prolates With Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non‐conforming finite elements for axisymmetric charged droplet deformation dynamics and Coulomb explosions

Radcliffe

2012

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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SUMMARY The deformations of both electrically charged and uncharged incompressible axisymmetric Newtonian viscous liquid droplets acting under the effects of surface tension (but not gravity) are studied using a non‐conforming, discontinuous Galerkin finite element procedure with moving meshes. The full Navier–Stokes equations are discretized and solved in an Eulerian manner with a simple predictor–corrector Lagrangian updating of the free boundary location coincident with the droplet surface at each solution iteration. By using linear Crouzeix–Raviart basis functions for the velocity and piecewise constant pressures, results are presented both for the simple (oscillatory) relaxation of elongated electrically charged/uncharged droplets to a sphere and for the deformation to steady state/Coulomb explosions of initially slightly oblate/prolate spheroidal droplets charged beyond/to the Rayleigh limit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coulomb Explosions Of Initial Prolates With Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐conforming finite elements for axisymmetric charged droplet deformation dynamics and Coulomb explosions

Radcliffe

2012

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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“…Evidently, the chargeholding capacity of the deformed drop in sketch (b) is only moderately increased because all the liquid-air interfaces are still subject to the Rayleigh instability. Once this limit is reached anywhere, one or several Taylor cones form [5], leading to substantial (13 %-50 %) charge loss.…”

Section: Why Two Distinct Charge Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do GroEL Ions Exhibit Two Gas Phase Conformers?

Mora

2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The reasons for the existence of two gas phase conformers for electrosprayed ions of the large tetradecameric protein complex GroEL are considered. Key features are that: (1) both conformers extrapolate to very similar cross sections in the limit of zero charge; (2) both conformers supercharge above the maximum value permitted by the Rayleigh criterion; and (3) one of the conformers supercharges substantially more than the other. We hypothesize that the supercharging observed is associated to the approximately cylindrical shape of GroEL in aqueous solution, enabling accumulation of extra charge on either one or two of its bases when they intersect the evaporating drop surface. The two conformers would then correspond to cases when either one or the two bases of the cylinder carry extra charge. Apparently, the conformer symmetrically (doubly) supercharged on both ends is Coulombically stretched, therefore exhibiting a mobility different from the conformer asymmetrically supercharged only on one end. Several general consequences follow. First, non-spherical proteins may generally be charged above the usual Rayleigh limit. Second, we confirm the previously advanced but contentious notion that gas phase protein ions are readily compacted or stretched away from their crystal structure by capillary and Coulombic forces during the electrospraying process.

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“…(7)(8)(9)(10) In this technique, a metal tube is filled with a conducting liquid, and the tube is maintained at a high potential with respect to a ground electrode. At the outlet of the tube, the liquid forms a conical meniscus that gathers counterions, thus creating a high charge density at the meniscus tip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispensing Small Droplets with Low Generating Power

2015

Sensors and Materials

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Dispensed small droplets are widely used in analyses of small organisms in various bioapplications. The generating power used to induce "flying beads" of dispensed small droplets should be sufficiently low to guarantee the safety of the organisms. In this study, we fabricated carbon nanotube (CNT) nanobundles electroplated with gold nanoparticles. Small droplets were generated by the repulsive force in an ion-concentrated zone; in this region, the droplets were generated at lower voltages due to the higher ion concentration. The generating power was examined as a function of electrode diameter (0.6, 20, and 500 μm) and decreased significantly with electrode size, specifically 0.007 mW for the 0.6-μm-diameter electrode compared with 0.017 W for the 20-μm-diameter electrode. The beads expelled from the mother droplet at 0.007 mW had an initial velocity of ~2 m min −1 . This technique is expected to be particularly useful for the analysis of very small analytes.

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The Coulomb instability of charged microdroplets: dynamics and scaling

Cited by 63 publications

References 15 publications

Non‐conforming finite elements for axisymmetric charged droplet deformation dynamics and Coulomb explosions

Non‐conforming finite elements for axisymmetric charged droplet deformation dynamics and Coulomb explosions

Why do GroEL Ions Exhibit Two Gas Phase Conformers?

Dispensing Small Droplets with Low Generating Power

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