The Cotton-Mouton effect in gases: Experiment and theory

Rizzo, C.; Rizzo, Antonio; Bishop, David M.

doi:10.1080/014423597230316

Cited by 124 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The integration time was T = 4 hours. Given that F = 6.7 × 10 5 , λ = 1064 nm, B 2 dl = 10.25 T 2 m, from the amplitude of the He peak at 32 µbar, the value of ∆n u for helium results ∆n (He,PVLAS) u = (2.2 ± 0.1) × 10 −16 T −2 atm −1 , in perfect agreement with other published values [6,28,29]. It must be noted that this value is obtained from a single low pressure point.…”

Section: Calibrationsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The magnetic birefringence of gases also depends linearly on pressure. In Table V the equivalent partial pressures P eq which would mimic a vacuum magnetic birefringence for various gases [6,[28][29][30] are reported. The vacuum system must maintain these species well below their vacuum equivalent pressures.…”

Section: Polarizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In analogy to what is done for the CottonMouton effect (for a review see Ref. [6]), we have defined the unitary field magnetic birefringence of vacuum ∆n (vac) u . Moreover vacuum magnetic birefringence due to axion-like particles (ALP) and millicharged particles also depends on B 2 [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First results from the new PVLAS apparatus: A new limit on vacuum magnetic birefringence

et al. 2014

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Several groups are carrying out experiments to observe and measure vacuum magnetic birefringence, predicted by Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). We have started running the new PVLAS apparatus installed in Ferrara, Italy, and have measured a noise floor value for the unitary field magnetic birefringence of vacuum ∆n= (4 ± 20) × 10 −23 T −2 (the error represents a 1σ deviation). This measurement is compatible with zero and hence represents a new limit on vacuum magnetic birefringence deriving from non linear electrodynamics. This result reduces to a factor 50 the gap to be overcome to measure for the first time the value of ∆n (vac,QED) u predicted by QED: ∆n (vac,QED) u = 4 × 10 −24 T −2 . These birefringence measurements also yield improved modelindependent bounds on the coupling constant of axion-like particles to two photons, for masses greater than 1 meV, along with a factor two improvement of the fractional charge limit on millicharged particles (fermions and scalars), including neutrinos.

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Section: Calibrationsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Polarizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First results from the new PVLAS apparatus: A new limit on vacuum magnetic birefringence

et al. 2014

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“…At low temperatures these vapours will act in many ways like a gas phase analogue of ferrofluids. We predict in particular that the Cotton-Mouton effect (the dependence of index of refraction on direction with respect to an external magnetic field) which is proportional 24 to the product of polarizability anisotropy and magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, will be exceptionally strong. The dimer anisotropy energy can be extracted from the temperature dependence of the Cotton-Mouton effect which is sensitive to suppressed magnetic response perpendicular to the molecular axis when the anisotropy is strong.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition-metal dimers and physical limits on magnetic anisotropy

Strandberg¹,

Canali²,

MacDonald

2007

Nature Mater

119

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Interest 2 in magnetic nanoparticles, which typically contain tens of thousands of magnetic atoms, has been spurred both by the crucial role that they play in advanced magnetic information storage devices, and by the light that investigating magnetism at the nanoscale sheds on the fundamental interactions responsible for the magnetic state.As the frontier advances, interest is shifting to still smaller size scales. Dimers represent the small size end point in the transition metal cluster crossover from nanoparticle 2 to molecular magnetic properties. The magnetic moments per atom in clusters of the 3d

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“…[1][2][3] Effects depending on the square of the flux density B of the applied field should be observable for the nuclear spin-spin coupling constants, 4 and for the molecular magnetizabilities, 5 which, for a diamagnetic molecule, are given by [6][7][8] ␣␤ ͑B͒ = ␣␤ + 1 2 X ␣␤␥␦ B ␥ B ␦ +¯. ͑1͒…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear response of the benzene molecule to strong magnetic fields

Pagola

Caputo

Ferraro

et al. 2005

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The fourth-rank hypermagnetizability tensor of the benzene molecule has been evaluated at the coupled Hartree-Fock level of accuracy within the conventional common-origin approach, adopting gaugeless basis sets of increasing size and flexibility. The degree of convergence of theoretical tensor components has been estimated allowing for two different coordinate systems. It is shown that a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the molecule causes a distortion of the electron charge density, which tends to concentrate in the region of the C-C bonds. This charge contraction has a dynamical origin, and can be interpreted as a feedback effect in terms of the classical Lorentz force acting on the electron current density.

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The Cotton-Mouton effect in gases: Experiment and theory

Cited by 124 publications

References 1 publication

First results from the new PVLAS apparatus: A new limit on vacuum magnetic birefringence

First results from the new PVLAS apparatus: A new limit on vacuum magnetic birefringence

Transition-metal dimers and physical limits on magnetic anisotropy

Nonlinear response of the benzene molecule to strong magnetic fields

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