The Costs of Institutional Racism and its Ethical Implications for Healthcare

Elias, Amanuel; Paradies, Yin

doi:10.1007/s11673-020-10073-0

Cited by 79 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…The race is an antecedent and major determinant of socioeconomic status (SES) in the U.S.; therefore, it is not surprising that the successful implementation of discriminatory race-based policies premised on racial inferiority would produce racial disparities in SES. The term structural racism is used to capture the ways in which inequities are perpetuated through the racialized differential access to resources, opportunities, and services that are codified in laws, policies, practices, and societal norms (23,32,33,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). This system harms marginalized populations at the expense of affording greater resources, opportunities, and other privileges to the dominant White society (23,32,33,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Poverty and The Myth Of Meritocracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term structural racism is used to capture the ways in which inequities are perpetuated through the racialized differential access to resources, opportunities, and services that are codified in laws, policies, practices, and societal norms (23,32,33,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). This system harms marginalized populations at the expense of affording greater resources, opportunities, and other privileges to the dominant White society (23,32,33,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Importantly, a single identifiable perpetrator is not visible making its denial easy and its identification and dissolution challenging (41).…”

Section: Poverty and The Myth Of Meritocracymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poverty, Racism, and the Public Health Crisis in America

Beech

Ford

Thorpe

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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The purpose of this article is to discuss poverty as a multidimensional factor influencing health. We will also explicate how racism contributes to and perpetuates the economic and financial inequality that diminishes prospects for population health improvement among marginalized racial and ethnic groups. Poverty is one of the most significant challenges for our society in this millennium. Over 40% of the world lives in poverty. The U.S. has one of the highest rates of poverty in the developed world, despite its collective wealth, and the burden falls disproportionately on communities of color. A common narrative for the relatively high prevalence of poverty among marginalized minority communities is predicated on racist notions of racial inferiority and frequent denial of the structural forms of racism and classism that have contributed to public health crises in the United States and across the globe. Importantly, poverty is much more than just a low-income household. It reflects economic well-being, the ability to negotiate society relative to education of an individual, socioeconomic or health status, as well as social exclusion based on institutional policies, practices, and behaviors. Until structural racism and economic injustice can be resolved, the use of evidence-based prevention and early intervention initiatives to mitigate untoward effects of socioeconomic deprivation in communities of color such as the use of social media/culturally concordant health education, social support, such as social networks, primary intervention strategies, and more will be critical to address the persistent racial/ethnic disparities in chronic diseases.

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Section: Poverty and The Myth Of Meritocracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poverty and The Myth Of Meritocracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty, Racism, and the Public Health Crisis in America

Beech

Ford

Thorpe

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Experiences of racism, discrimination (direct and indirect) and a sense of 'otherness' generated a questioning of identity and belonging. The well-recognised destructive health impacts of racism and discrimination (52)(53)(54)(55) were layered on the legacy of refugee experiences in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

South Sudanese or Australian or Both or Caught in Between? A Qualitative Study Examining Identity Among South Sudanese Refugees Living in Sydney, Australia.

Vaughan

Nyanhanda

Kaphle

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The majority of the current South Sudanese population in Australia arrived as refugees in the early 2000s, facing challenges related to dislocation, navigating a new culture while honouring their own own. Much of the research on the South Sudanese experience has been conducted in the early years after arrival, with resettlement stressors likely to influence narratives of identity as new immigrants.This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of identity among South Sudanese who are long-term residents of Australia after fleeing their birth country, migration, and re-building their lives.Methods: The qualitative study was underpinned by a phenomenological framework that characterised the experiences of study participants. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to recruit Sydney-residing adults who arrived in Australia through its humanitarian refugee program 10 or more years ago and were born in South Sudan. Semi-structured interviews explored how participants identified themselves in Australia, changes in their experiences over time, their social and general life situation in Australia, and perceptions (self and other) of South Sudanese people in Australia.Results: The 26 participants from refugee backgrounds all had similar experiences of dislocation, most arriving in Australia 10-19 years ago with family members. Most participants were in employment and had attained (sometimes multiple) educational qualifications.Participants described a multiplicity of interconnected domains that governed the negotiating and making sense of identity. Three key themes were identified: mutable identities - dependent on context; Identity in relation to children; and the influence of limited opportunities. These themes were mediated by other interwoven personal and structural factors that shaped experience and perception. Expressions of hope, pride and achievement were threaded through several of the interviews, particularly in relation to their children. There was also frustration related to employment challenges and discrimination that limited identity reconstruction.Conclusions: Our exploration of long-term lived experiences for South Sudanese migrants highlights the evolving and often conflicting factors that shape domains of integration and identity construction. The deeper, more nuanced understandings of bicultural identity within a strengths-based framework calls for better partnerships and services to support strengthened community and acculturalisation.

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“…Despite increased awareness of the magnitude of the health gap, negligible long-term, culturally safe, and appropriate efforts to remedy this problem have been made [ 17 , 18 ]. Health inequities experienced by Australia’s First Nations Peoples have been theorised and researched for decades [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: A Brief Introduction To Institutionalised Racism In Healthcare In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

BlackLivesMatter in Healthcare: Racism and Implications for Health Inequity among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australia

Gatwiri

Rotumah

Rix

2021

IJERPH

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Despite decades of evidence showing that institutional racism serve as significant barriers to accessible healthcare for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, attempts to address this systemic problem still fall short. The social determinants of health are particularly poignant given the socio-political-economic history of invasion, colonisation, and subsequent entrenchment of racialised practices in the Australian healthcare landscape. Embedded within Euro-centric, bio-medical discourses, Western dominated healthcare processes can erase significant cultural and historical contexts and unwittingly reproduce unsafe practices. Put simply, if Black lives matter in healthcare, why do Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples die younger and experience ‘epidemic’ levels of chronic diseases as compared to white Australians? To answer this, we utilise critical race perspectives to theorise this gap and to de-center whiteness as the normalised position of ‘doing’ healthcare. We draw on our diverse knowledges through a decolonised approach to promote a theoretical discussion that we contend can inform alternative ways of knowing, being, and doing in healthcare practice in Australia.

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The Costs of Institutional Racism and its Ethical Implications for Healthcare

Cited by 79 publications

References 71 publications

Poverty, Racism, and the Public Health Crisis in America

Poverty, Racism, and the Public Health Crisis in America

South Sudanese or Australian or Both or Caught in Between? A Qualitative Study Examining Identity Among South Sudanese Refugees Living in Sydney, Australia.

BlackLivesMatter in Healthcare: Racism and Implications for Health Inequity among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australia

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