The cost of irrigation sources and water treatment in greenhouse production

Raudales, Rosa E.; Fisher, Paul R.; Hall, Charles R.

doi:10.1007/s00271-016-0517-5

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In any case, it is worth noting that massive irrigation implies tapping of groundwater reserves, reduces access to clean water for human settlements and ecosystems (Postel et al 1996, Siebert et al 2010, Wada et al 2012 and competes with food production water demands (Falkenmark 1997, Rockström et al 2009. Furthermore, the use of irrigation techniques would ultimately add a cost to BECCS (Fernández García et al 2016, Raudales et al 2017, which would in turn hamper the technology competitiveness and would potential slow its deployment compared to the trajectory modelled without this additional cost (Hejazi et al 2014).…”

Section: Exceedance Of Rcp26 Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on biomass energy deployment in mitigation pathways: the case of water scarcity

Séférian

Rocher

Guivarch

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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To limit global warming to well below 2• most of the IPCC-WGIII future stringent mitigation pathways feature a massive global-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs) before the end of the century. The global-scale deployment of NETs like Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) can be hampered by climate constraints that are not taken into account by Integrated assessment models (IAMs) used to produce those pathways. Among the various climate constraints, water scarcity appears as a potential bottleneck for future land-based mitigation strategies and remains largely unexplored. Here, we assess climate constraints relative to water scarcity in response to the global deployment of BECCS. To this end, we confront results from an Earth system model (ESM) and an IAM under an array of 25 stringent mitigation pathways. These pathways are compatible with the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal and with cumulative carbon emissions ranging from 230 Pg C and 300 Pg C from January 1st onwards. We show that all stylized mitigation pathways studied in this work limit warming below 2• C or even 1.5• C by 2100 but all exhibit a temperature overshoot exceeding 2• C after 2050. According to the IAM, a subset of 17 emission pathways are feasible when evaluated in terms of socio-economic and technological constraints. The ESM however shows that water scarcity would limit the deployment of BECCS in all the mitigation pathways assessed in this work. Our findings suggest that the evolution of the water resources under climate change can exert a significant constraint on BECCS deployment before 2050. In 2100, the BECCS water needs could represent more than 30% of the total precipitation in several regions like Europe or Asia.

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Section: Exceedance Of Rcp26 Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on biomass energy deployment in mitigation pathways: the case of water scarcity

Séférian

Rocher

Guivarch

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…This, however, involves the need to balance the composition of the nutrient medium, which is frequently a difficult problem to solve. In addition, the recirculate needs to be free from pathogens [29,30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Wastewater Generated in Greenhouse Soilless Tomato Cultivation in Central Europe

Mielcarek

Rodziewicz

Janczukowicz

et al. 2019

Water

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Soilless plantations under cover constitute a significant part of horticulture. This study aimed at determining the qualitative composition of wastewater generated from the soilless cultivation of tomato under cover. This is important for managing the wastewater, which may be recirculated to allow the or employ a partial or complete recovery of minerals. Two plantations located in north-eastern Poland, which differed in the type of substratum (coconut fiber or rockwool), were studied. The generated wastewater was characterized by a low content of organic matter and a high concentration of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and salinity (EC). Over 99% of the TN was constituted by nitrates. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) changed from 50.07 to 75.82 mgO 2 ·L −1 (greenhouse 1), and from 37.35 to 78.12 mgO 2 ·L −1 (greenhouse 2); the content of TN changed from 403.59 to 614.89 mgN·L −1 (greenhouse 1), and from 270.00 to 577.40 mgN·L −1 (greenhouse 2); that of TP changed from 35.44 to 78.00 mgP·L −1 (greenhouse 1), and from 54.10 to 104.00 mgP·L −1 (greenhouse 2); and the EC changed from 3.53 to 6.93 mS·cm −1 (greenhouse 1), and from 4.94 to 6.94 mS·cm −1 (greenhouse 2). No statistically significant correlations were noted between TN and TP, or between TP and EC.

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“…In addition, a 14.9-kW electric pump maintained pressure in the main irrigation line for the entire greenhouse range, and a 3.7-kW pump pushed water from a reservoir through a sand filter (Raudales et al, 2017). It was assumed these supply pumps would run enough to supply the calculated irrigation volume of each production phase at 1514 L/ min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Container-grown Euphorbia pulcherrima Production System Components: Impacts on Carbon Footprint and Variable Costs Using a Life Cycle Assessment

Ingram¹,

Hall²,

Knight³

2019

horts

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Additional index words. floriculture crops, poinsettia, global warming potential, costs of production Abstract. A model production system for a 15.2-cm poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) in the north Atlantic region of the United States was developed through grower interviews and best management practices and analyzed using a life cycle assessment (LCA). The model system involved direct sticking of unrooted cuttings. The propagation phase was 4 weeks, followed by 9 weeks of irrigation using a boom system and 4 weeks of flood-floor irrigation. The carbon footprint, or global warming potential (GWP), for the plant was calculated as 0.474 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO 2 e), with a variable cost of $1.030. Major contributors to the GWP were the substrate and filling pots, fertilization, the container, irrigation, and overhead electricity. The major contributors to variable costs were the unrooted cuttings and labor to prepare and stick ($0.471). Furthermore, the substrate and filling containers and irrigation were notable contributors. Material inputs accounted for 0.304 kg CO 2 e, whereas equipment use was estimated to be 0.163 kg CO 2 e, which comprised 64.2% and 35.8% of total GWP, respectively. Material inputs accounted for $0.665 (64.6%) of variable costs, whereas labor accounted for 19.6% of variable costs for this model. Water use per plant was 77.2 L with boom irrigation for the 9 weeks during production spacing (32.8 plant/m 2 ) and represented 64% of the total water use. LCA was an effective tool for analyzing the components of a model system of greenhouse-grown, flowering, potted plants. Information gained from this study can be used by growers considering system alterations to improve efficiency.

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The cost of irrigation sources and water treatment in greenhouse production

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Constraints on biomass energy deployment in mitigation pathways: the case of water scarcity

Constraints on biomass energy deployment in mitigation pathways: the case of water scarcity

Analysis of Wastewater Generated in Greenhouse Soilless Tomato Cultivation in Central Europe

Modeling Container-grown Euphorbia pulcherrima Production System Components: Impacts on Carbon Footprint and Variable Costs Using a Life Cycle Assessment

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