The cost of additive manufacturing: machine productivity, economies of scale and technology-push

Baumers, Martin; Dickens, Phill; Tuck, Christopher; Hague, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.02.015

Cited by 490 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…50) from 2003 [148] and for EBM and DMLS build plates with a variety of parts (Fig. 51) from 2016 [38]. For the polymer processes, the contribution of hardware to the total part cost ranged from 24-75%.…”

Section: Machine Costs For Am Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2. Relative contribution of AM machine procurement cost to total product cost for FDM, SL, SLS [148], EBM, and DMLS [38]. A factor of 1.3 was used to convert £ to € for the EBM and DMLS parts.…”

Section: Build Time Models For Am Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it was estimated that energy costs in [148] and [38] contributed less than 2% of the total part cost. For a detailed analysis of energy and resource efficiency in SLM and SLS, see [167].…”

Section: Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design for Additive Manufacturing: Trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints

et al. 2016

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The past few decades have seen substantial growth in Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies. However, this growth has mainly been process-driven. The evolution of engineering design to take advantage of the possibilities afforded by AM and to manage the constraints associated with the technology has lagged behind. This paper presents the major opportunities, constraints, and economic considerations for Design for Additive Manufacturing. It explores issues related to design and redesign for direct and indirect AM production. It also highlights key industrial applications, outlines future challenges, and identifies promising directions for research and the exploitation of AM's full potential in industry.Design, Manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing

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Section: Machine Costs For Am Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Build Time Models For Am Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design for Additive Manufacturing: Trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints

et al. 2016

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“…Surprisingly however, our survey did not reveal any significant statistical correlation between these two variables. This result is probably affected by the fact that the production volumes of the smaller components were generally lower than 1000 per annum, even if higher volumes were theoretically possible (Atzeni et al 2010;Baumers et al 2016;Hague, Mansour, and Saleh 2004;Stucker 2011). This could indicate that regardless of size, AM currently remains best suited to low volume production.…”

Section: Experience In Designing End Use Component In Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of design for additive manufacturing in professional design practice

Pradel

Zhu

Bibb

et al. 2018

Journal of Engineering Design

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are widely adopted in design practice for prototyping. However, the extent to which practitioners are knowledgeable and experienced in designing components for series production using AM remains poorly understood. This study presents the results of an online survey aimed at uncovering this emerging design activity, with additional evidence provided by semi-structured interviews with 18 designers. One hundred ten practising designers responded. The majority of the respondents remain sceptical about the potential for AM as a process for series production, citing cost and technical capabilities as key barriers. Only 23 reported experience in designing components for series production using AM, with the majority of these designing parts to be produced from plastic. The survey revealed that these designers have developed their own 'design rules' based primarily on personal experience. These rules, however, tended to focus on ensuring 'printability' and did not provide support for taking advantage of the unique capabilities of AM processes. The designers tended to treat AM processes as a uniform set of production processes, and so the design rules they used were generic and not directed to the capabilities of specific AM processes. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Developing a coding framework for future additive manufacturing (AM) scenarios The implications for supply chains of the introduction of 3DP as a manufacturing technology are widespread, including effects upon transportation costs Barz et al, 2016), lead times (Holmström et al, 2010;Khajavi et al, 2015), inventory (Khajavi et al, 2014;Mavri, 2015), product quality and reliability (Monzon et al, 2015;Wagner and Walton, 2016) production flexibility, productivity and economies of scale (Petrick and Simpson, 2013;Baumers et al, 2016;Sasson and Johnson, 2016), supply chain sustainability Ford and Despeisse, 2016), new business models (Rayna and Striukova, 2014) and opportunities for new suppliers (Bogers et al, 2016). This research, however, focusses on three areas: customer engagement, examined using OPP (Gosling et al, 2007), the geographic distribution of manufacturing and the type of manufacturing operation, each of which is described further in the following sections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing the future: scenarios for supply chains reviewed

Ryan

Eyers

Potter

et al. 2017

IJPDLM

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.*Related content and download information correct at time of download. Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the existing scenarios for 3D printing (3DP) in order to identify the "white space" where future opportunities have not been proposed or developed to date. Based around aspects of order penetration points, geographical scope and type of manufacturing, these gaps are identified. Design/methodology/approach -A structured literature review has been carried out on both academic and trade publications. As of the end of May 2016, this identified 128 relevant articles containing 201 future scenarios. Coding these against aspects of existing manufacturing and supply chain theory has led to the development of a framework to identify "white space" in the existing thinking. Findings -The coding shows that existing future scenarios are particularly concentrated on job shop applications and pull-based supply chain processes, although there are fewer constraints on geographical scope. Five distinct areas of "white space" are proposed, reflecting various opportunities for future 3DP supply chain development. Research limitations/implications -Being a structured literature review, there are potentially articles not identified through the search criteria used. The nature of the findings is also dependent upon the coding criteria selected. However, these are theoretically derived and reflect important aspect of strategic supply chain management. Practical implications -Practitioners may wish to explore the development of business models within the "white space" areas. Originality/value -Currently, existing future 3DP scenarios are scattered over a wide, multi-disciplinary literature base. By providing a consolidated view of these scenarios, it is possible to identify gaps in current thinking. These gaps are multi-disciplinary in nature and represent opportunities for both academics and practitioners to exploit.

show abstract

The cost of additive manufacturing: machine productivity, economies of scale and technology-push

Cited by 490 publications

References 25 publications

Design for Additive Manufacturing: Trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints

Design for Additive Manufacturing: Trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints

Investigation of design for additive manufacturing in professional design practice

3D printing the future: scenarios for supply chains reviewed

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