The cortisol awakening response in relation to objective and subjective measures of waking in the morning

Dockray, Samantha; Bhattacharyya, Mimi R.; Molloy, Gerard J.; Steptoe, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.10.001

Cited by 137 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the present study, children and adolescents were found to be similarly, highly compliant; 88.1% of the awake 0 samples were collected within 15 min of accelerometer-verified waking. These findings are consistent with previous adult studies in which 82-90% of respondents collected the awake 0 sample within 15 min of wake-time (Dockray et al, 2008;DeSantis et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although this research demonstrates that most adults report collecting their awake 0 sample within 10 min of the time reported by the electronic monitor (Broderick et al, 2004), this method does not verify sampling compliance against actual wake-time. Electronic monitors record when the sample was taken, but cannot indicate if there was a delay between wake-time and collection of the awake 0 sample (Clow et al, 2004;Dockray et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adults' compliance with sampling upon awakening has been investigated using accelerometry technology to detect physical movement and postural changes (Kupper et al, 2005;Dockray et al, 2008;DeSantis et al, 2010;Griefahn and Robens, 2011). Postural change from lying down (supine) to sitting up in bed or standing is deemed a valid proxy for waking in the sleep literature (Sadeh, 2011;Zeiders et al, 2011;Anders et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postural change from lying down (supine) to sitting up in bed or standing is deemed a valid proxy for waking in the sleep literature (Sadeh, 2011;Zeiders et al, 2011;Anders et al, 2012). In these adult accelerometry studies, only 15-19% of awake 0 samples were taken without delay, whereas 82-90% were taken within 15 min of wake-time (Dockray et al, 2008;DeSantis et al, 2010). Even this short delay can be problematic as later awake 0 samples result in blunted CAR and steeper diurnal slope (Kupper et al, 2005;Dockray et al, 2008;Okun et al, 2010;Griefahn and Robens, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these adult accelerometry studies, only 15-19% of awake 0 samples were taken without delay, whereas 82-90% were taken within 15 min of wake-time (Dockray et al, 2008;DeSantis et al, 2010). Even this short delay can be problematic as later awake 0 samples result in blunted CAR and steeper diurnal slope (Kupper et al, 2005;Dockray et al, 2008;Okun et al, 2010;Griefahn and Robens, 2011). Further, Dockray and colleagues (2008) found that when there was a delay of more than 15 min between waketime and collecting the awake 0 sample, estimates of CAR were lower than when there was delay of less than 15 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sampling compliance for cortisol upon awakening in children and adolescents

Rotenberg

McGrath

2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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SummaryCompliance with awakening salivary sampling is important for precise measurement of the diurnal cortisol profile. During childhood and adolescence, developmental factors influence sampling upon awakening (awake 0 ) due to school routine, sleep/wake patterns, and age related cortisol changes. In the present study, children and adolescents' sampling compliance of awakening cortisol was evaluated using accelerometry. Children and adolescents (N = 201; 45.3% female; 8-18 years; M age = 12.68 years, SD = 2.03) participating in the Healthy Heart Project collected saliva samples, wore a tri-axle accelerometer, and completed demographic questionnaires. Intraclass correlations derived to examine awake 0 sampling compliance indicated children and adolescents were highly compliant (ICC = .98). In children, a delay in awake 0 sampling was associated with a steeper diurnal slope (β = −.23, p = .037) and greater awake 0 cortisol (β = .24, p = .024); this was not observed in adolescents. In summary, children and adolescents are compliant with awakening salivary sampling. Sampling delay, particularly in children, and time of awakening influenced measures of the diurnal cortisol profile. These findings inform future studies assessing the diurnal cortisol profile in children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sampling compliance for cortisol upon awakening in children and adolescents

Rotenberg

McGrath

2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Major Depressive Disorder and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity

Vreeburg¹,

Hoogendijk²,

Pelt³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

668

446

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Concurrent and longitudinal associations of basal and diurnal cortisol with mental health symptoms in early adolescence

Shirtcliff

Essex

2008

Developmental Psychobiology

199

201

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Recent biosocial theories postulate that both biological risk and the social context influence the development of mental health problems (Boyce & Ellis, 2005). Guided by this framework, we examined whether basal cortisol and its diurnal rhythm were associated with mental health symptoms in early adolescence. Because cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations sometimes reveal different cortisol-mental health associations, we examined the association both concurrently and longitudinally when children transition to middle school, a time which entails a major change in social context from single to multiple teachers, classrooms, and sets of classmates. Salivary cortisol was measured three times a day (waking, afternoon, and bedtime) across three days when adolescents were 5th graders. Mental health was measured when adolescents were in 5th and 7th grades, just before and after the transition to middle school. To deal with the substantial comorbidity of internalizing and externalizing symptoms at this developmental stage, mental health measures distinguished overall symptom severity from the preponderance of internalizing vs. externalizing symptoms (i.e., directionality). A three-level Hierarchical Linear Model was used to extract basal cortisol and its diurnal rhythm separate from the day-to-day and within-the-day fluctuations in cortisol in response to daily experiences. Results were specific to symptom severity, suggesting that cortisol is a nonspecific risk factor for mental health symptoms in young adolescents. At 5th grade, low basal cortisol was associated with concurrent symptom severity. However, longitudinally, it was adolescents with high cortisol at 5th grade who were at risk for increasing mental health symptoms by 7th grade. Flat diurnal rhythms in 5th grade were related to levels of symptom severity at both 5th and 7th grades. Considering the change in social context, as defined by the transition to middle school, helped resolve seemingly inconsistent evidence that both hypo- and hyper-arousal were associated with mental health symptoms in early adolescence.

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The cortisol awakening response in relation to objective and subjective measures of waking in the morning

Cited by 137 publications

References 22 publications

Sampling compliance for cortisol upon awakening in children and adolescents

Sampling compliance for cortisol upon awakening in children and adolescents

Major Depressive Disorder and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity

Concurrent and longitudinal associations of basal and diurnal cortisol with mental health symptoms in early adolescence

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