The correlation of running ability and physiological variables in Thoroughbred racehorses

Harkins, J. D.; Beadle, R. E.; Kamerling, S.G.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02902.x

Cited by 76 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results are in disagreement with those presented by other authors, as Saibene et al (1985), Bayly et al (1987) and Harkins et al (1993). These investigators demonstrated higher plasma LA in faster and better performer horses in distances lesser than 2 000 m. Similarly, in a study in Standardbred trotters with a wide range of racing abilities, blood LA was greater in superior performing horses after races of 2 100 m (Räsänen et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Relationship between Slope of the Plasma Lactate Accumulation Curve and Working Capacity in Andalusian Horses

Muñoz¹,

Santisteban²,

Rubio³

et al. 1999

Acta Vet. Brno

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The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between the slope of the plasma lactate accumulation in response to exercise and working capacity in two groups of Andalusian horses of different age.The horses were subjected to increasing intensity tests, comprising both submaximal and maximal velocities. Heart rate was monitored throughout the exercise and jugular venous blood samples were withdrawn at rest, after each workload and during the first 30 min. of recuperation. Working capacity was assessed by means of these functional indices: HRmax (maximum mean heart rate during exercise), Vmax (maximum velocity), STEPmax (maximum number of workload completed), VLA2 (aerobic threshold), VLA4 (anaerobic threshold), PLA (lactate peak), pHmin (minimum pH) and PCVmax (maximum packed cell volume).HRmax, pHmin, VLA2, VLA4, STEPmax and Vmax were positively correlated with working capacity, whereas PLA and PCVmax were negatively correlated with working capacity. The slope of the plasma lactate accumulation curve were inversely related to VLA2, VLA4, Vmax, STEPmax and pHmin and positively related to HRmax and PCVmax. Besides, the plasma lactate slope was higher in the youngest Andalusian horses.These results indicated that the slope of the plasma lactate concentrations after several exercise intensities might be considered as a marker of aerobic potential, providing useful information about fitness and training degrees in the Andalusian horse. Exercise, fitness, heart rate, packed cell volumePhysical exercise requires a balance between production and consumption of energy within working muscles. It has been postulated that there is a critical intensity or threshold above which the cardiovascular, respiratory and/or muscular responses are of insufficient magnitude to supply energy through aerobic pathways. As a consequence, anaerobic pathways become predominant, and large amounts of lactate (LA) are produced. LA is considered to be a small and easily diffusable anion, and it may be translocated rapidly between the water compartments of the body. Muscle LA produced during exercise can be utilised by the active muscles, exported via the blood to other organs, principally liver and heart, or taken up by other muscles with adequate oxygen supply and utilised as a source of fuel (Brooks 1986;Marlin et al. 1987).Three different models of plasma LA accumulation have been proposed. The single breakaway point is the classical model of aerobic-anaerobic transition. M a r g a r i a et al. (1933) established that lactic acid was formed and plasma LA accumulated during times of local muscle hypoxia, such as the onset of exercise and during times of oxygen deficit.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Relationship between Slope of the Plasma Lactate Accumulation Curve and Working Capacity in Andalusian Horses

Muñoz¹,

Santisteban²,

Rubio³

et al. 1999

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Other suitable indices of fitness have included the velocity (V) and heart rate (HR) at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol.l -1 i.e. VLa 4 and HR 4 , respectively (Rose et al 1990;Harkins et al 1993;Poso et al 1993;Castejon et al 1994;Misumi et al 1994;Gotlieb-Vedi et al 1995;Persson 1997;Munoz et al 1997;Eaton et al 1999 and others).…”

Section: Horse Exercise Oxygen Uptake Oxygen Debt Energy Consumptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field Study of Oxygen Consumption and Estimated Energy Expenditure in the Exercising Horse

Hanák¹,

Jahn²,

Kabeš³

et al. 2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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The major goal of this study was to estimate the aerobic and anaerobic contribution to energy expenditure in the running warmblood horse under field conditions. The oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) in 12 saddle horses was determined at rest, walk, trot, and canter and in 6 horses at gallop. In the 10 min immediately following exercise the relative oxygen debt (RD-VO 2 ) was measured. The horses were exercised by riders in the various gaits at speeds representing 15, 30, 50 and 70% of the their individual maximum speed (V max ). The distances covered were 3000 m in each walk, trot and canter and 1500 m in gallop. VO 2 and RD-VO 2 m and energy expenditure (J.kg.min -1 ) using the oxygen caloric equivalent of the measured respiratory quotient (RQ) were studied for possible relations to the speed. The proportion of anaerobic energy expenditure (%E anaer.) to the total energy production was also investigated. A linear relation between speed and aerobic energy expenditure (E) and a quadratic relation between speed and anaerobic energy expenditure (RD-E) and total energy expenditure (TE) was found. The %E anaer. was 1.21 ± 0.40 at a speed of 15% V max , 3.40 ± 0.38 at 30% V max , 18.58 ± 2.05 at 50% V max , and 29.47 ± 1.17 at 70% V max .Post-exercise oxygen uptake appears a suitable measure for the major part of the oxygen debt (relative oxygen debt) and could be considered as an indicator of anaerobically released energy. For this reason it may also be an indicator of the anaerobic capacity of the horse at a standard or maximal exercise. Horse, exercise, oxygen uptake, oxygen debt, energy consumption, anaerobic energyIn recent years, a considerable amount of research has been performed in an attempt to describe the physiological response of the horse to exercise and training. Mostly the changes in cardiorespiratory functions during different intensities of exercise have been studied extensively and reported for various breeds of horses. It has been suggested that heart rate and oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), measured at sub-maximal exercise, are useful in assessing cardiovascular fitness in the horse. Calculated parameters such as the speed at a heart rate of 200 beats.min -1 (V-200) and oxygen consumption at a heart rate of 200 beats.min -1 (VO 2 -200) are considered as highly useful (Persson 1983;Persson et al. 1983;Rose et al. 1990). Other suitable indices of fitness have included the velocity (V) and heart rate (HR) at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol.l -1 i.e.

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“…This article focuses on the implementation of standardised field exercise testing in the investigation of the causes of poor performance. Standardised field exercise tests enable the calculation of athletic parameters which can allow an objective comparison between horses of similar age and competitive category (Rose et al 1990, Harkins et al 1993, Couroucé et al 2002. The study aimed at determining if a standardised exercise testing protocol and the determination of specific athletic parameters could discriminate between healthy and poor performing horses and help in establishing a diagnosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluatiuon of poor performance in Standardbred trotters

Erck¹,

Jakesova²,

Lekeux³

et al. 2006

PHK

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The correlation of running ability and physiological variables in Thoroughbred racehorses

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Relationship between Slope of the Plasma Lactate Accumulation Curve and Working Capacity in Andalusian Horses

Relationship between Slope of the Plasma Lactate Accumulation Curve and Working Capacity in Andalusian Horses

A Field Study of Oxygen Consumption and Estimated Energy Expenditure in the Exercising Horse

Field evaluatiuon of poor performance in Standardbred trotters

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