The correlation of inflammatory markers and plasma vaspin levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Abstract

Vaspin, a recently identified adipokine, is a visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor that may have insulin sensitizing effect on adipose tissue. Herein, we measured vaspin level in patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DNP), and investigated the correlation of the vaspin level with other inflammatory parameters. 106 adult type 2 diabetic patients with no known chronic inflammatory disease were included and grouped according to the stage of DNP: Albuminuria <30 mg/day and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 (Group-1); albuminuria 30-300 mg/day and eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73m 2 (Group-2); albuminuria >300 mL/min and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 (Group-3). Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were recorded as well as vaspin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a levels. There were 38, 35 and 33 patients in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Groups were similar regarding age and gender. Vaspin level did not differ between groups. When all the groups were considered, vaspin was positively correlated with IL-6 level (r ¼ 0.215, p ¼ 0.041). No correlation of vaspin was found with IL-1, TNF-a and hsCRP levels (p ¼ 0.580, r ¼ 0.054; p ¼ 0.463, r ¼ 0.072; p ¼ 0.812, r ¼ 0.025, respectively). Vaspin levels of the patients with GFR !60 mL/min/1.73m 2 was less than that of patients with GFR <60 mL/min/ 1.73m 2 (p ¼ 0.03). Age and IL-6 were found to be the major determinants of vaspin level with linear regression analysis. In patients with DNP, vaspin level does not change within the early stages of DNP; while it is higher in patients with decreased GFR, which may be related with increasing inflammation regardless of the stage of the kidney disease.ARTICLE HISTORY

Novel glucose-responsive nanoparticles based on p-hydroxyphenethyl anisate and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid reduce blood glucose and ameliorate diabetic nephropathy

“…When insulin resistance occurs in the body, hs-CRP synthesis increases, especially after renal damage in patients with diabetes [ 56 ]. IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 can mediate inflammatory responses through cellular and humoural immunity and play an important role in the synthesis of CRP in hepatocytes [ 57 ]. TNF-α, synthesised and secreted by mononuclear macrophages, is an important mediator of inflammatory response and a variety of pathophysiological processes.…”

Serum vaspin levels are positively associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Similarly, one study reported that vaspin levels were significantly higher in patients with cardiovascular disease than in in patients without cardiovascular disease, and elevated vaspin levels were associated with a 1.7‐fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients ( P = 0.001) 40 . However, one study found that low vaspin levels were a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients 41 , whereas another study showed that vaspin levels did not change within the early stages in patients with diabetic nephropathy 42 .…”

Serum vaspin levels and carotid intima‐media thickness in predialysis patients

“…More recently, Karadag et al 19 measured vaspin level in patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy. They 19 did not show any change within the early stages of diabetic nephropathy for plasma vaspin levels, while it is higher in patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate. More recently, Szczepańska et al 20 evaluated serum vaspin levels in children with chronic kidney disease.…”

“…Inoue et al 18 have reported increased serum vaspin levels in Japanese chronic haemodialysis as compared with controls. More recently, Karadag et al 19 measured vaspin level in patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy.…”